Volatile anaesthesia is associated with both lower long-term mortality and less myocardial infarction compared to propofol anaesthesia for cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass.

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• Alice Bonanni, Alessio Signori, Cristiano Alicino, Irene Mannucci, Maria Antonietta Grasso, Luigi Martinelli, and Giacomo Deferrari.
• From the Departments of Cardionephrology, (A.B., l.M., G.D.) Intensive Care Unit (M.A.G.) Cardiac Surgery (L.M.), Clinical Ligurian Institute of High Specialty, Villa Maria Group (GVM) Care and Research, Rapallo, Italy the Division of Internal Medicine, International Evangelical Hospital, Genoa, Italy (A.B.) the Departments of Health Science (A.S.) of Internal Medicine (G.D.), University of Genoa, Italy the ASL-2-Regional Health System of Liguria, Italy (C.A.).
• Anesthesiology. 2020 Jun 1; 132 (6): 1429-1446.

BackgroundThe aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the effect of anesthesia maintenance with volatile agents compared with propofol on both short- and long-term mortality (primary outcomes) and major clinical events in adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.MethodsRandomized clinical trials on the effects of current volatile anesthetics versus propofol in adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were searched (1965 to September 30, 2019) in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and article reference lists. A random effect model on standardized mean difference for continuous outcomes and odds ratio for dichotomous outcomes were used to meta-analyze data.ResultsIn total, 37 full-text articles (42 studies, 8,197 participants) were included. The class of volatile anesthetics compared with propofol was associated with lower 1-yr mortality (5.5 vs. 6.8%; odds ratio, 0.76 [95% CI, 0.60 to 0.96]; P = 0.023), myocardial infarction (odds ratio, 0.60 [95% CI, 0.39 to 0.92]; P = 0.023), cardiac troponin release (standardized mean difference, -0.39 [95% CI, -0.59 to -0.18], P = 0.0002), need for inotropic medications (odds ratio, 0.40 [95% CI, 0.24 to 0.67]; P = 0.0004), extubation time (standardized mean difference, -0.35 [95% CI, -0.68 to -0.02]; P = 0.038), and with higher cardiac index/output (standardized mean difference, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.37 to 1.04]; P < 0.0001). The class of volatile anesthetics was not associated with changes in short-term mortality (1.63 vs. 1.65%; odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.73 to 1.49]; P = 0.820) and acute kidney injury (odds ratio, 1.25 [95% CI, 0.77 to 2.03]; P = 0.358).ConclusionsIn adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass, the class of volatile anesthetics was superior to propofol with regard to long-term mortality, as well as to many secondary outcomes indicating myocardial protection.

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