• J. Am. Coll. Surg. · Apr 2020

    Wolf in Sheep's Clothing: Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma in the US.

    • Zaid Al-Qurayshi, Naris Nilubol, Ralph P Tufano, and Emad Kandil.
    • Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA.
    • J. Am. Coll. Surg. 2020 Apr 1; 230 (4): 484-491.

    BackgroundThe presumptive overdiagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has led to an emerging trend of less-extensive operation and an inclination toward active surveillance when possible. In this study, we aimed to examine the risk of advanced PTMC at presentation.Study DesignWe conducted a retrospective analysis using the National Cancer Database (2010 to 2014). Patients with PTMC who underwent surgical intervention were included and patients with a history of any cancer were excluded.ResultsA total of 30,180 adult patients with PTMC were identified; 5,628 patients (18.7%) presented with advanced features, including central lymph node (LN) metastasis (8.0%), lateral LN metastasis (4.4%), microscopic extrathyroidal extension (ETE; 6.7%), gross ETE (0.3%), lymphovascular invasion (LVI; 4.4%), and distant metastasis (0.4%). All of those features were associated with a significantly lower survival rate (p < 0.05 each) except for microscopic ETE and LVI. There was a significant interrelation among those features, distant metastasis was associated with central LN metastasis (odds ratio [OR] 2.44; 95% CI, 1.48 to 4.23; p < 0.001), lateral LN metastasis (OR 3.18; 95% CI, 1.77 to 5.71; p < 0.001), and gross ETE (OR 9.91; 95% Cl, 3.83 to 25.64; p < 0.001). In turn, nodal metastasis was associated with microscopic ETE (OR 4.23; 95% CI, 3.82 to 4.70; p < 0.001) and LVI (OR 7.17; 95% CI, 6.36 to 8.08; p < 0.001).ConclusionsPTMC could exhibit advanced features in 19% of patients who underwent operation and some of those, such as LVI and microscopic ETE, are undetectable with preoperative workup. Clinicians need to be cognizant of this considerable risk in the era of less-aggressive management of PTMC.Copyright © 2020 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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