• Takekazu Iwata, Ichiro Yoshino, Shigetoshi Yoshida, Norihiko Ikeda, Masahiro Tsuboi, Yuji Asato, Nobuyuki Katakami, Kazuhiro Sakamoto, Yoshinori Yamashita, Jiro Okami, Tetsuya Mitsudomi, Motohiro Yamashita, Hiroshi Yokouchi, Kenichi Okubo, Morihito Okada, Mitsuhiro Takenoyama, Masayuki Chida, Keisuke Tomii, Motoki Matsuura, Arata Azuma, Tae Iwasawa, Kazuyoshi Kuwano, Shuji Sakai, Kenzo Hiroshima, Junya Fukuoka, Kenichi Yoshimura, Hirohito Tada, Kazuhiko Nakagawa, Yoichi Nakanishi, and West Japan Oncology Group.
• Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Chiba, Japan.
• Resp Res. 2016 Jul 22; 17 (1): 90.

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) often accompanies lung cancer, and life-threatening acute exacerbation (AE) of IPF (AE-IPF) is reported to occur in 20 % of IPF patients who undergo lung cancer surgery. Pirfenidone is an anti-fibrotic agent known to reduce disease progression in IPF patients. A phase II study was conducted to evaluate whether perioperative pirfenidone treatment could reduce the incidence of postoperative AE-IPF patients with lung cancer.MethodsPirfenidone was orally administered to IPF patients who were candidates for lung cancer surgery; pirfenidone was dosed at 600 mg/day for the first 2 weeks, followed by 1200 mg/day. Surgery was performed after at least 2 weeks of 1200-mg/day administration. The primary endpoint was non-AE-IPF rate during postoperative days 0-30, compared to the null value of 80 %, and the secondary endpoint was safety. Radiologic and pathologic diagnoses of IPF and AE-IPF were confirmed by an independent review committee.ResultsFrom June 2012 to January 2014, 43 cases were enrolled, and 39 were eligible (full analysis set [FAS]). Both pirfenidone treatment and surgery were performed in 36 patients (per protocol set [PPS]). AE-IPF did not occur in 37/39 patients (94.9 % [95 % confidential interval: 82.7-99.4 %, p = 0.01]) in the FAS, and in 38/39 patients (97.2 % [95 % confidential interval: 85.5-99.9 %, p = 0.004] in the PPS. A grade 5 adverse event (death) occurred in 1 patient, after AE-IPF; no other grade 3-5 adverse events were observed.ConclusionsPerioperative pirfenidone treatment is safe, and is promising for reducing AE-IPF after lung cancer surgery in IPF patients.Trial RegistrationThis clinical trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN) on April 16th, 2012 (REGISTRATION NUMBER: UMIN000007774 ).

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