• Musculoskelet Sci Pract · Oct 2018

    Cross-cultural adaptation and validity of the Italian version of the Central Sensitization Inventory.

    • Alessandro Chiarotto, Carlotta Viti, Alberto Sulli, Maurizio Cutolo, Marco Testa, and Daniele Piscitelli.
    • Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Movement Sciences Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Electronic address: a.chiarotto@vumc.nl.
    • Musculoskelet Sci Pract. 2018 Oct 1; 37: 20-28.

    BackgroundCentral sensitization (CS) is an important feature in patients with chronic pain. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI) was developed with the goal of detecting the patients' symptoms related to CS.ObjectivesThis study aimed at cross-culturally adapting the CSI into Italian, and at assessing its structural and construct validity in patients with different chronic pain disorders.DesignClinimetric study.MethodsThe Italian version of the CSI (CSI-I) was generated following forward and backward translations, expert committee review, and pilot-testing. Patients with pain for ≥3 months were eligible if diagnosed with: low back pain (LBP), temporomandibular disorder (TMD), hand osteoarthritis (HOA), fibromyalgia (FM), or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Structural validity was assessed with exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis based on minimum rank factor analysis; construct validity was evaluated by testing ten hypotheses on: 1) expected differences between relevant subgroups, 2) expected correlations with other instruments measuring pain intensity, physical functioning, psychological functioning, headache symptoms, and pain self-efficacy.Results220 patients were included: 35% with LBP, 17% with TMD, 19% with HOA, 9% with FM, and 20% with RA. Factor analyses revealed that the CSI-I is a unidimensional instrument. Construct validity was satisfactory since 80% of the hypotheses were met.ConclusionsThe CSI-I was successfully developed and exhibited satisfactory validity in patients with chronic pain. Its reliability, responsiveness and content validity should be investigated in future studies. Until robust evidence indicates a strong relationship between CS and the CSI-I, caution should be adopted in claiming that the CSI-I measures CS.Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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