• Massimo Lamperti, Daniele Guerino Biasucci, Nicola Disma, Mauro Pittiruti, Christian Breschan, Davide Vailati, Matteo Subert, Vilma Traškaitė, Andrius Macas, Jean-Pierre Estebe, Regis Fuzier, Emmanuel Boselli, and Philip Hopkins.
• From the Anesthesiology Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE (ML), Intensive Care Unit, Department of Emergency, Intensive Care Medicine and Anesthesiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (DGB), Department of Anaesthesiology, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova (ND), Department of Surgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario 'A. Gemelli' IRCCS, Rome, Italy (MP), Department of Anesthesia, Klinikum Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria (CB), Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Melegnano Hospital (DV), Department of Surgical and Intensive Care Unit, Sesto San Giovanni Civic Hospital, Milan, Italy (MS), Department of Anesthesiology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania (VT, AM), Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care, and Pain Medicine, University hospital of Rennes, Rennes (JPE), Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Department of Anaesthesiology, Toulouse (RF), Department of Anaesthesiology, Pierre Oudot hospital, Bourgoin-Jallieu, France (EB), Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK (PH).
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2020 May 1; 37 (5): 344-376.

Abstract: Ultrasound for diagnostic and procedural purposes is becoming a standard in daily clinical practice including anaesthesiology and peri-operative medicine. The project of European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA) Task Force for the development of clinical guidelines on the PERioperative uSE of Ultra-Sound (PERSEUS) project has focused on the use of ultrasound in two areas that account for the majority of procedures performed routinely in the operating room: vascular access and regional anaesthesia. Given the extensive literature available in these two areas, this paper will focus on the use of ultrasound-guidance for vascular access. A second part will be dedicated to peripheral nerve/neuraxial blocks. The Taskforce identified three main domains of application in ultrasound-guided vascular cannulation: adults, children and training. The literature search were performed by a professional librarian from the Cochrane Anaesthesia and Critical and Emergency Care Group in collaboration with the ESA Taskforce. The Grading of Recommendation Assessment (GRADE) system for assessing levels of evidence and grade of recommendations were used. For the use of ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein, femoral vein and arterial access, the level evidence was classified 1B. For other accesses, the evidence remains limited. For training in ultrasound guidance, there were no studies. The importance of proper training for achieving competency and full proficiency before performing any ultrasound-guided vascular procedure must be emphasised.

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