• Catherine Chirouze, François Alla, Vance G Fowler, Daniel J Sexton, G Ralph Corey, Vivian H Chu, Andrew Wang, Marie-Line Erpelding, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Nuria Fernández-Hidalgo, Efthymia Giannitsioti, Margaret M Hannan, Tatjana Lejko-Zupanc, José M Miró, Patricia Muñoz, David R Murdoch, Pierre Tattevin, Christophe Tribouilloy, Bruno Hoen, and ICE Prospective Investigators.
• UMR CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement, Université de Franche-Comté Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire, Besançon.
• Clin. Infect. Dis. 2015 Mar 1; 60 (5): 741-9.

BackgroundThe impact of early valve surgery (EVS) on the outcome of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) prosthetic valve infective endocarditis (PVIE) is unresolved. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between EVS, performed within the first 60 days of hospitalization, and outcome of SA PVIE within the International Collaboration on Endocarditis-Prospective Cohort Study.MethodsParticipants were enrolled between June 2000 and December 2006. Cox proportional hazards modeling that included surgery as a time-dependent covariate and propensity adjustment for likelihood to receive cardiac surgery was used to evaluate the impact of EVS and 1-year all-cause mortality on patients with definite left-sided S. aureus PVIE and no history of injection drug use.ResultsEVS was performed in 74 of the 168 (44.3%) patients. One-year mortality was significantly higher among patients with S. aureus PVIE than in patients with non-S. aureus PVIE (48.2% vs 32.9%; P = .003). Staphylococcus aureus PVIE patients who underwent EVS had a significantly lower 1-year mortality rate (33.8% vs 59.1%; P = .001). In multivariate, propensity-adjusted models, EVS was not associated with 1-year mortality (risk ratio, 0.67 [95% confidence interval, .39-1.15]; P = .15).ConclusionsIn this prospective, multinational cohort of patients with S. aureus PVIE, EVS was not associated with reduced 1-year mortality. The decision to pursue EVS should be individualized for each patient, based upon infection-specific characteristics rather than solely upon the microbiology of the infection causing PVIE.© The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

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