• Benedetto Ielpo, Riccardo Caruso, Yolanda Quijano, Hipolito Duran, Eduardo Diaz, Isabel Fabra, Catalina Oliva, Sergio Olivares, Valentina Ferri, Ricardo Ceron, Carlos Plaza, and Emilio Vicente.
• Sanchinarro University Hospital, General Surgery Department, San Pablo University, CEU, Madrid, Spain.
• Int J Med Robot. 2014 Sep 1; 10 (3): 300-5.

IntroductionRobotic surgery has gained worldwide acceptance in the past decade, and several studies have shown that this technique is safe and feasible. The aim of this study is to compare main outcomes of laparoscopic and robotic rectal resection.MethodsIn total, 143 consecutive patients treated for rectal cancer in our department with laparoscopic or robotic-assisted surgery from October 2010 to July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.ResultsA total of 87 patients underwent laparoscopic rectal resection, and 56 patients were treated using a robotic approach. The conversion rate was 11.5% in the laparoscopic group and 3.5% in the robotics group (P =  0.09). The low rectal cancer conversion rate was significantly lower in the robotic group (1.8%) than in the laparoscopy group (9.2%) (P = 0.04). Mean operation time was 252 min in the laparoscopic group and 309 min in the robotic group (P =  0.023).ConclusionsThe robotic approach shows a lower conversion rate in low rectal cancer but with a longer operative time compared with the laparoscopic technique.Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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