• Mark R Jones, Matthew B Novitch, Sudipta Sen, Nadia Hernandez, Johanna Blair De Haan, Rebecca A Budish, Christopher H Bailey, Joseph Ragusa, Pankaj Thakur, Vwaire Orhurhu, Ivan Urits, Elyse M Cornett, and Alan David Kaye.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. Electronic address: jarkmones@gmail.com.
• Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol. 2020 Mar 1; 34 (1): e13-e29.

AbstractSurgeries and chronic pain states of the upper extremity are quite common and pose unique challenges for the clinical anesthesiology and pain specialists. Most innervation of the upper extremity involves the brachial plexus. The four most common brachial plexus blocks performed in clinical setting include the interscalene, supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and axillary brachial plexus blocks. These blocks are most commonly performed with the use of ultrasound-guided techniques, whereby analgesia is achieved by anesthetizing the brachial plexus at different levels such as the roots, divisions, cords, and branches. Additional regional anesthetic techniques for upper extremity surgery include wrist, intercostobrachial, and digital nerve blocks, which are most frequently performed using landmark anatomical techniques. This review provides a comprehensive summary of each of these blocks including anatomy, best practice techniques, and potential complications.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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