• Ying Gu, Yan Hu, Huiwen Zhang, Weijia Fu, Yuxia Yang, and Jos M Latour.
• Nursing Department, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2020 Jun 1; 21 (6): e369-e377.

ObjectivesTo describe the implementation process of a nutrition risk screening and assessment guideline for infants with congenital heart disease and to assess the impact of nurses' behavior and the effect on infants' outcomes.DesignA controlled before-and-after implementation study. The three dimensions of the integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework were used to assess barriers and promoting factors.SettingCardiac center at Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.PatientsInfants with congenital heart disease (n = 142) and nurses (n = 100).InterventionsImplementation of an evidenced-based nutrition risk screening and assessment guideline.Measurements And Main ResultsImplementation processes were assessed on nurses' knowledge, attitude, behavior, and compliance of the guideline. Infants' clinical outcomes were evaluated before-and-after the implementation. Knowledge, attitude, and behavior of nurses about nutrition risk screening and assessment increased significantly after implementing the guideline. Nurses' compliance with the recommendations for nutritional risk screening improved significantly on three criteria; assessment of nutritional status stability (p < 0.001), assessment of nutritional status deterioration (p = 0.003), and nutritional assessment among infants with moderate risk and above (p < 0.001). The nurses' compliance with the recommendations for nutrition assessment improved significantly in eight of the 10 criteria (p < 0.001). The proportion of infants receiving comprehensive nutrition assessment when they were first screened with moderate or high nutritional risk were higher in the intervention group (24.3% vs 83.3%; p < 0.001). The accuracy rates of nutrition risk screening were higher in the intervention group (52.9% vs 81.9%; p < 0.001).ConclusionsUsing the integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework contributed to a successful implementation of the nutrition guideline. The nurses' knowledge, attitude, and behavior toward the nutrition guideline were positive resulting in a significantly higher nutrition assessments in infants with moderate or high nutritional risk.

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