• Philip Jacobs, Jessica Moffatt, Carolyn S Dewa, Thanh Nguyen, Ting Zhang, and Alain Lesage.
• Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Electronic address: pjacobs@ihe.ca.
• Int J Law Psychiatry. 2016 Jul 1; 47: 102-8.

BackgroundMental illness has been widely cited as a driver of costs in the criminal justice system.ObjectiveThe objective of this paper is to estimate the additional mental health service costs incurred within the criminal justice system that are incurred because of people with mental illnesses who go through the system. Our focus is on costs in Alberta.MethodsWe set up a model of the flow of all persons through the criminal justice system, including police, court, and corrections components, and for mental health diversion, review, and forensic services. We estimate the transitional probabilities and costs that accrue as persons who have been charged move through the system. Costs are estimated for the Alberta criminal justice system as a whole, and for the mental illness component.ResultsPublic expenditures for each person diverted or charged in Alberta in the criminal justice system, including mental health costs, were $16,138. The 95% range of this estimate was from $14,530 to $19,580. Of these costs, 87% were for criminal justice services and 13% were for mental illness-related services. Hospitalization for people with mental illness who were reviewed represented the greatest additional cost associated with mental illnesses.ConclusionTreatment costs stemming from mental illnesses directly add about 13% onto those in the criminal justice system.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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