• Desmond A Brown, Sahin Hanalioglu, Kaisorn Chaichana, and Hugues Duffau.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA. Electronic address: brown.desmond@mayo.edu.
• World Neurosurg. 2020 Jul 1; 139: e737-e747.

Background And ObjectiveThe goal of this study is to show using 5 illustrative cases that the transcortical route for resection of mediobasal temporal region (MBTR) lesions is safe and effective when performed with awake functional mapping and knowledge of the relevant subcortical anatomy. Although several have been proposed, there is a paucity of reports on transcorticosubcortical approaches to these lesions, particularly in patients with posterior-superior extension. We present a case series of 5 patients with left posterior MBTR gliomas and summarize the relevant subcortical anatomy knowledge of what is a prerequisite for safe resection.MethodsFive patients with left posterior MBTR gliomas underwent awake resection with functional corticosubcortical electric mapping. Details of the approach are presented with a review of relevant anatomy.ResultsGross total resection was achieved in 4 patients. One patient who had previously undergone radiation therapy had a subtotal resection. There were 4 cases of World Health Organization grade II glioma and 1 case of World Health Organization grade IV glioma. All patients underwent preoperative and postoperative neurologic and neuropsychological assessment and there were no new or worsening sensorimotor, visual, language, or cognitive deficits.ConclusionsThe transcorticosubcortical approach is a safe and effective approach to lesions of the posterior MBTR. The approach is safe and effective even in patients with superior extension, if the surgical approach is predicated on knowledge of individual functional anatomy. Awake resection with cortical and axonal mapping with well-selected paradigms is invaluable in maximizing extent of resection and ensuring patient safety.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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