• Thomas S Metkus, P Elliott Miller, R Scott Stephens, Steven P Schulman, and Shaker M Eid.
• Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. tmetkus1@jhmi.edu.
• Respir Care. 2020 Oct 1; 65 (10): 1527-1533.

BackgroundSome patients with acute heart failure (AHF) who are treated initially with noninvasive ventilation (NIV) will require endotracheal intubation, which indicates NIV failure. The incidence and prognosis of NIV failure in patients with AHF are not well characterized. MethodsUsing the National In-Patient Sample (NIS), we conducted a retrospective cohort study of subjects hospitalized with AHF between 2008 and 2014 who were treated with NIV within 24 h of hospital admission. We determined predictors of NIV failure and determined the association between NIV failure and in-hospital mortality using Cox proportional hazard models. ResultsOf 279,534 subjects hospitalized with AHF and treated with NIV, 4,257 (1.52%) failed NIV and required intubation. Cardiogenic shock (odds ratio 8.79, 95% CI 6.89-11.2) and in-hospital arrest (odds ratio 24.9, 95% CI 18.71-33.14) were associated with NIV failure. In-hospital mortality was 26.5% for NIV failure compared to 5.6% for those without NIV (P < .001). After adjustment for demographics, comorbidities, cardiogenic shock, and in-hospital arrest, NIV failure was associated with nearly a 2-fold risk of in-hospital mortality (odds ratio 1.95, 95% CI 1.59-2.40). ConclusionsIntubation after initial NIV treatment was required in 1.5% of subjects hospitalized with AHF and treated with NIV, and was associated with high in-hospital mortality. These findings can guide future prospective interventional trials and quality improvement ventures.Copyright © 2020 by Daedalus Enterprises.

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