• Michael Zitzmann.
• Klinische Andrologie, Centrum für Reproduktionsmedizin und Andrologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Domagkstr. 11, 48149, Münster, Deutschland. michael.zitzmann@ukmuenster.de.
• Internist (Berl). 2020 Jun 1; 61 (6): 549-557.

AbstractTestosterone is a natural hormone which is essential to maintaining physical and emotional wellbeing in men, regardless of age. Male hypogonadism is an endocrine condition of testosterone deficiency with the potential to cause multiple morbidities and psychosocial problems. The condition can be of primary (testicular), secondary (hypothalamic-pituitary) or so-called functional origin (as a result of inflammatory conditions, obesity or chronic illness). Testosterone deficiency can cause symptoms of a sexual nature, foster metabolic dysfunction and impair physical abilities as well as cause osteopenia/osteoporosis and anemia. Testosterone replacement therapy should not be initiated in the case of desired paternity, unclear processes of the prostate or mammary gland and high hematocrit. Diagnosis and treatment as well as monitoring of hypogonadism treatment are clearly regulated by international guidelines and replacement therapy is proven to be effective in ameliorating the above-mentioned symptoms when performed according to these guidelines. In functional hypogonadism, which is most often, but not exclusively, found in older men, treatment of the underlying condition/co-morbidity is mandatory prior to starting testosterone substitution.

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