• J'Neka S Claxton, Alanna M Chamberlain, Pamela L Lutsey, Lin Y Chen, Richard F MacLehose, BengtsonLindsay G SLGSHealth Economics and Outcomes Research, Life Sciences, Optum, Eden Prairie, Minn., and Alvaro Alonso.
• Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. Electronic address: j'neka.claxton@emory.edu.
• Am. J. Med. 2020 Oct 1; 133 (10): e554-e567.

BackgroundThe burden imposed by multimorbidity on outcomes and on the effectiveness of atrial fibrillation therapies in elderly adults with atrial fibrillation is unknown.MethodsPatients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation ages ≥75 years in the MarketScan Medicare Supplemental database from 2007-2015. Prevalence of 14 chronic conditions at the time of atrial fibrillation diagnosis were obtained and classified as cardiometabolic or noncardiometabolic. Cox regression estimated the associations of the number and type of conditions with stroke, severe bleeding, and heart failure hospitalizations. Tests for interaction were assessed between atrial fibrillation treatments and multimorbidity.ResultsAmong 275,617 patients with atrial fibrillation (mean age 83 years, 51% women), the mean (SD) number of conditions per participant was 3.0 (2.1). Over a mean follow-up of 23 months, 7814 strokes, 13,622 severe bleeds, and 19,252 heart failure events occurred. After adjustment, an increase in the number of cardiometabolic conditions was associated with greater risk of stroke (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.10), severe bleeding (HR 1.09; 95% CI, 1.07-1.11), and heart failure (HR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.18-1.20). In contrast, number of noncardiometabolic conditions had weak or null associations with risk of cardiovascular endpoints. Overall, the effectiveness of atrial fibrillation treatment on stroke and heart failure were similar across multimorbidity status, but bleeding risk associated with atrial fibrillation treatments was higher in patients with overall and subgroup multimorbidity.ConclusionCardiometabolic multimorbidity was associated with worse outcomes and modified bleeding risk in atrial fibrillation patients. These findings underscore the impact of cardiometabolic conditions on atrial fibrillation outcomes and highlights the need to incorporate multimorbidity management in atrial fibrillation treatment guidelines.Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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