• Marco Zaffanello, Giorgio Piacentini, and Stefania La Grutta.
• Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy - marco.zaffanello@univr.it.
• Panminerva Med. 2020 Sep 1; 62 (3): 164-175.

IntroductionThe availability of high-quality studies on the association between sleep-disordered breathing in children and delayed growth associated with the hormonal profile recorded before surgery and at follow-up is limited.Evidence AcquisitionMedline PubMed, Scopus and WebOfScience databases were searched for relevant publications published between January 2008 to January 2020 and a total of 261 potentially eligible studies were identified.Evidence SynthesisFollowing review 19 papers were eligible for inclusion: seven reported a significant postsurgical increase in growth regardless of initial weight status, type of surgery, type of study design, and length of follow-up period. The only high-quality study was a randomized controlled trial that found an increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome relapse in overweight children. Twelve studies reported the significant increase in growth parameters showing that IGF-1, IGFBP-3, and ghrelin may boost growth after surgery.ConclusionsThe current systematic review demonstrates a scarcity of high-quality studies on growth delay in children with sleep-disordered breathing. Significant catch-up growth after surgery in the short term and changes in IGF-1, IGFBP-3, ghrelin, and leptin levels has been reported in most published studies.

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