• Jas-Mine Seah, Ning M Kam, Lydia Wong, Cara Tanner, Alexis Shub, Christine Houlihan, and Elif I Ekinci.
• Department of Perinatal Medicine, Mercy Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
• Intern Med J. 2021 Jan 1; 51 (1): 78-86.

BackgroundUnderstanding the risk factors and pregnancy outcomes in women affected by Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes is important for pre-pregnancy counselling.AimTo explore differences in pregnancy outcomes between women with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, and healthy controls, and to examine the relationships between potential adverse risk factors and pregnancy outcomes in this cohort of women.MethodsThis is a 10-year retrospective study of women with Type 1 diabetes (n = 92), Type 2 diabetes (n = 106) and healthy women without diabetes (controls) (n = 119) from a tertiary obstetric centre. Clinical and biochemical characteristics of women with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes were determined and related to major obstetric outcomes using univariate analysis.ResultsWomen with pre-existing diabetes had higher adverse pregnancy outcomes (preeclampsia, emergency caesarean section, preterm birth <32 and 37 weeks, large for gestational age, neonatal jaundice, Apgar score < 7 at 5 min, neonatal intensive care admission and neonatal hypoglycaemia) compared to controls. A higher birth weight gestational centile (97.4% vs 72.4%, P = 0.001) and large for gestational age rate (63.4% vs 35.8%, P = 0.001) were observed in Type 1 diabetes compared to Type 2 diabetes. There were no differences in other outcomes between women with Type 1 and 2 diabetes.ConclusionIn this exploratory study, risk factors for maternal adverse outcomes differ between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. Maternal and foetal adverse outcomes were higher in pregnancies affected by diabetes compared to healthy women but occurred with similar frequency in women with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.© 2020 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

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