• Mona Amin, Amal Radwan, and Afaf Hemeda.
• Internal Medicine, Egyptian Society of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt. monasleman@hotmail.com.
• Intern Emerg Med. 2020 Jun 1; 15 (4): 549-552.

AbstractThirty years ago, chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity accounted for less than 45% of the global disease burden. Today, they are the leading causes of death and disability worldwide, having surpassed infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and malaria. We have understood for decades the roles of 'classical' risk factors including elevated LDL-cholesterol, hypertension, elevated blood glucose, and smoking in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. More recent research is continuing to define the contribution of other emerging factors to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, particularly abdominal obesity that is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and prothrombotic state. All these factors constitute the global cardiometabolic risk that plays a significant role in development of cardiovascular disease.

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