• Samara Ferguson, Maurille Feudjo Tepie, Andrew Taylor, Andrew Roddam, Cathy Critchlow, Mazhar Iqbal, Leslie Spangler, and Jonathan Bayly.
• United Kingdom Value, Access & Policy, Amgen Ltd, Cambridge, UK.
• J Eval Clin Pract. 2016 Feb 1; 22 (1): 31-39.

Rationale, Aims And ObjectivesClinical trial data suggest that patients who have received bisphosphonates continue to benefit from them after discontinuation. However, data from real-world clinical practice are inconclusive. We assessed the impact of persistence and discontinuation on health resource utilization (HRU) and fracture rate in women who were prescribed oral bisphosphonates.MethodThe study used data from the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Women aged 50 years or older with a first prescription of oral bisphosphonate therapy between January 2000 and December 2007 were included. Multivariate modelling compared rate ratios for fracture and HRU between patients who had discontinued medication (shorter persistence group) and patients who took their medication for longer (longer persistence group). The interactions of elapsed time (measured as 6-month intervals) with HRU and with fracture rate for all patients within paired groups were also assessed.ResultsOverall, 36 320 patients were included. Pairwise comparisons showed that HRU and fracture rates were lower in longer persistence groups than in shorter persistence groups. Analysis by 6-month interval showed that, across all patients in persistence group pairs, HRU significantly increased for each additional 6 months elapsed; trends towards increased risk of fracture were also seen.ConclusionIn contrast to results from clinical trials, in this patient population the protective effect of oral bisphosphonates after discontinuation was not sufficient to reduce HRU and fracture rates to the levels that would be seen if patients had continued on therapy. Reducing the rate of treatment discontinuation may decrease the burden that osteoporosis places on both patients and health care systems.© 2015 AMGEN Inc. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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