• Eunju Choi, Young-Su Yi, Jongsung Lee, Sang Hee Park, Sunggyu Kim, Mohammad Amjad Hossain, SeokGu Jang, Young Im Choi, Kyung Ja Park, Dong Sam Kim, Jong-Hoon Kim, and Jae Youl Cho.
• Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.
• Am. J. Chin. Med. 2019 Jan 1; 47 (8): 1853-1868.

AbstractSkin is the outer tissue layer and is a barrier protecting the body from various external stresses. The fresh water green edible algae Prasiola japonica has antiviral, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties; however, few studies of its effects on skin-protection have been reported. In this study, Prasiola japonica ethanol extract (Pj-EE) was prepared, and its skin-protective properties were investigated in skin keratinocytes. Pj-EE inhibited ROS production in UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells without cytotoxicity. Pj-EE also suppressed the apoptotic death of UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells by decreasing the generation of apoptotic bodies and the proteolytic activation of apoptosis caspase-3, -8, and -9. Moreover, Pj-EE downregulated the mRNA expression of the inflammatory gene cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), the pro-inflammatory cytokine genes interleukin (IL)-1 β , IL-8, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)- α , and interferon (IFN)- γ , and the tissue remodeling genes matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -2, -3, and -9. The Pj-EE-induced anti-inflammatory effect was mediated by suppressing the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF- κ B) signaling pathway in the UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. Taken together, these results suggest that Pj-EE exerts skin-protective effects through anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory activities in skin keratinocytes.

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