Gastrointestinal endoscopy
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Gastrointest. Endosc. · Jan 1990
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialTopical pharyngeal anesthesia for easing endoscopy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
The aim of this work was to compare the efficacy of the Cetacaine topical anesthetic spray preparation to placebo. Cetacaine and placebo, from coded but otherwise identically packaged and scented sprays, were administered to 150 consecutive patients. ⋯ No statistically significant differences were found between the full formula and placebo-treated patient responses to the amount of cough or gag, or the degree of difficulty of intubation of the endoscope. Analysis of physician responses showed that in the subgroup of patients being endoscoped for the first time, the gastroscope was introduced more easily (p less than 0.05) when the premedication had been full formula rather than placebo.
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Gastrointest. Endosc. · Jan 1990
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial Controlled Clinical TrialNasal oxygen alleviates hypoxemia in colonoscopy patients sedated with midazolam and meperidine.
A randomized study was carried out to determine whether the administration of oxygen (3 liter/min) via nasal prongs significantly affects arterial oxygenation during colonoscopy in patients sedated with intravenous midazolam (2.6 +/- 0.2 mg, means +/- SE) and meperidine (48 +/- 3 mg). Patients who received supplemental oxygen were less likely to become hypoxic (pulse oximeter reading, SpO2 less than 90%) than those who breathed room air (10 of 28 vs. 22 of 28, p less than 0.005). Similarly, the total time during which SpO2 was below 90% was significantly less in patients receiving nasal oxygen (0.7 +/- 0.3 min) than in patients breathing room air (9.7 +/- 1.9 min, p less than 0.001). ⋯ In patients breathing air, there was a significant negative correlation between the dose of meperidine and the minimum observed oxygen saturation; conversely, midazolam dose did not correlate with indices of hypoxemia. The authors conclude that administration of oxygen via nasal prongs can reduce the risk of hypoxemia during colonoscopy. However, since hypoxemia may occur even when nasal oxygen is given, continuous monitoring of arterial oxygenation is recommended.
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Gastrointest. Endosc. · May 1988
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialMidazolam versus diazepam as premedication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study.
The effectiveness of midazolam as premedication for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was examined and compared with that of diazepam in a double-blind crossover study involving 23 patients. The degree of sedation and cooperation of patients during the procedure and the speed of recovery from sedation were comparable for the two drugs. ⋯ Also, patients' acceptability for the procedure was significantly higher in the midazolam than in the diazepam group (78% vs. 26%). Therefore, when amnesia is desirable, as in the case of repeated endoscopies, midazolam should be the drug of choice.
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Gastrointest. Endosc. · Oct 1984
Letter Case ReportsDemonstration of a traumatic biliary fistula by ERCP.