Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases
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Conventional training in bronchoscopy involves a trainee performing on a real patient under supervision. This method of training is not only expensive, but there is also potential for increased patient discomfort. Simulators permit the acquisition of necessary technical skills required for the procedure. Virtual reality (VR) has been an integral part of training in aviation, and the application of this technology in medical training needs to be evaluated. ⋯ This study has been able to establish the face, construct and content validity of the simulator and the potential for it to be an effective training tool.
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Case Reports
Bilateral and unilateral spontaneous massive hemothorax as a presenting manifestation of rare tumors.
Spontaneous true hemothorax is quite a rare manifestation of a presenting disease. This is a report of two patients, one with bilateral spontaneous massive hemothorax as a presenting manifestation of angiosarcoma involving the lungs and pleura, and the other with unilateral spontaneous hemothorax and hemorrhagic shock as a presenting manifestation of 'cystic' chondroblastoma. Differential diagnosis of spontaneous true hemothorax and its evaluation and management are discussed.
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Congestive heart failure (CHF) patients experience dyspnea on exertion and therefore have decreased exercise tolerance. ⋯ CHF patients cannot utilize their full respiratory capacity during exercise secondary to expiratory flow limitation and an inability to increase EILV and EFVR.