Clinical physiology and functional imaging
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · Sep 2013
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of brief daily resistance training on rapid force development in painful neck and shoulder muscles: randomized controlled trial.
To determine the effect of small daily amounts of progressive resistance training on rapid force development of painful neck/shoulder muscles. ⋯ Small daily amounts of progressive resistance training in adults with frequent neck/shoulder pain increases rapid force development and, to a less extent, maximal force capacity.
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · Mar 2013
Comparative StudyCerebral oxygen saturation evaluated by near-infrared time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS) in pregnant women during caesarean section - a promising new method of maternal monitoring.
Time-resolved spectroscopy (TRS-20) measures tissue oxygen saturation (%) by evaluating the absolute concentrations of oxygenated, deoxygenated and total haemoglobin based on measurement of the transit time of individual photons through a tissue of interest. We measured tissue oxygen saturation in the prefrontal lobes of the brain by TRS-20 in eighteen pregnant women during caesarean section. In a case of placenta previa, massive bleeding immediately decreased cerebral oxygen saturation from 67·2% to 54·2%, but did not alter peripheral tissue oxygenation as measured by pulse oximetry. ⋯ Average cerebral oxygen saturation in the cases of pre-eclampsia before the introduction of anaesthesia was 73·6 ± 4·4 (SD)% (n = 4), significantly higher than in normotensive pregnant women, 67·2 ± 4·3% (n = 13, P<0·05). Z-scores of cerebral oxygen saturation prior to anaesthesia positively correlated with those of systolic or diastolic blood pressure. TRS-20 could detect acute as well as chronic changes in brain oxygen saturation in response to pregnancy-associated complications.
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · Sep 2012
Increased intrathoracic pressure affects cerebral oxygenation following cardiac surgery.
Cerebral oximetry reflects circulatory stability during surgery. We evaluated whether frontal lobe oxygenation is influenced by a transient increase in intrathoracic pressure as induced by a lung recruitment manoeuvre. ⋯ A lung recruitment manoeuvre decreases frontal lobe oxygenation when MAP is low suggesting that with increased intrathoracic pressure, arterial pressure should be kept within the limits of cerebral autoregulation.
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · Sep 2012
Relationship between peak cardiac pumping capability and indices of cardio-respiratory fitness in healthy individuals.
Cardiac power output (CPO) is a unique and direct measure of overall cardiac function (i.e. cardiac pumping capability) that integrates both flow- and pressure-generating capacities of the heart. The present study assessed the relationship between peak exercise CPO and selected indices of cardio-respiratory fitness. Thirty-seven healthy adults (23 men and 14 women) performed an incremental exercise test to volitional fatigue using the Bruce protocol with gas exchange and ventilatory measurements. ⋯ Small but significant relationship was found between peak CPO and peak heart rate (r = 0·23, P<0·05). These findings suggest that only peak cardiac output and stroke volume truly reflect CPO. Other indices of cardio-respiratory fitness such as oxygen consumption, anaerobic threshold, oxygen pulse, minute ventilation, carbon dioxide production and heart rate should not be used as surrogates for overall cardiac function and pumping capability of the heart.
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Clin Physiol Funct Imaging · May 2012
Reliability of the rectus femoris muscle cross-sectional area measurements by ultrasonography.
The skeletal muscle system can adapt to an external stimulus from either physiological or pathological conditions. This plasticity is measured by imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound. The anatomical cross-sectional area of a muscle is one of the muscle architecture parameters that relates to the maximum muscle strength. ⋯ The CVs were 8·53% and 8·9%, the ICCs 0·88 and 0·87 and the TEMs 65·59 and 94·25 between the 2 days in the regions of 15 cm and 50% of the thigh length, respectively. The average values of the cross-sectional area at 50% of the thigh length were significantly higher than those for at 15 cm above the patella (P<0·001). The measurement of rectus femoris anatomical cross-sectional area by ultrasound proved reliable.