Lancet neurology
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The histological feature of Parkinson's disease is the presence of intraneuronal aggregates of phosphorylated α-synuclein (αSyn). In patients with Parkinson's disease, deposits of αSyn are found in the autonomic nerve fibres of the submandibular gland. Since patients with idiopathic rapid-eye-movement sleep behaviour disorder (IRBD) can develop Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, we investigated whether αSyn deposits could also be detected in their submandibular gland nerve fibres. ⋯ Centre for Networked Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain.
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Review Meta Analysis
CSF and blood biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Alzheimer's disease biomarkers are important for early diagnosis in routine clinical practice and research. Three core CSF biomarkers for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (Aβ42, T-tau, and P-tau) have been assessed in numerous studies, and several other Alzheimer's disease markers are emerging in the literature. However, there have been no comprehensive meta-analyses of their diagnostic performance. We systematically reviewed the literature for 15 biomarkers in both CSF and blood to assess which of these were most altered in Alzheimer's disease. ⋯ Swedish Research Council, Swedish State Support for Clinical Research, Alzheimer's Association, Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation, Torsten Söderberg Foundation, Alzheimer Foundation (Sweden), European Research Council, and Biomedical Research Forum.
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Alzheimer's disease and other idiopathic dementias are associated with epigenetic transformations. These transformations connect the environment and genes to pathogenesis, and have led to the investigation of epigenetic-based therapeutic targes for the treatment of these diseases. Epigenetic changes occur over time in response to environmental effects. ⋯ We posit that the LEWAS design could lead to effective prevention and treatments by identifying potential therapeutic strategies. Epigenetic evidence suggests that dementia is not a suddenly occurring and sharply delineated state, but rather a gradual change in crucial cellular pathways, that transforms an otherwise healthy state, as a result of neurodegeneration, to a dysfunctional state. Evidence from epigenetics could lead to ways to detect, prevent, and reverse such processes before clinical dementia.