Ugeskrift for laeger
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Ugeskrift for laeger · Sep 1990
Case Reports[Leukemoid reaction caused by hypernephroma primary diagnosed as chronic granulocytic leukemia].
A case of leukemoid reaction associated with renal carcinoma is presented. On account of the high leukocyte count and a palpable abdominal mass in the upper left quadrant, interpreted as an enlarged spleen, the primary tentative diagnosis was chronic granulocytic leukemia. Abdominal ultrasonographic scan revealed an enlarged left kidney and subsequent nephrectomy revealed a large hypernephroma. Leukemoid reactions associated with malignant disease are described in general with emphasis on the differential diagnosis.
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International scientific journals expect authors of articles to an increasing extent to calculate confidence intervals for their statistical findings. Confidence intervals are more informative than p-values in hypothesis testing as the confidence interval expresses how great the value of an investigated effect may be anticipated to be in the population. Examples of calculation of confidence intervals are presented on the basis of data frequently occurring in medical investigations.
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Changes in PaCO2, PaO2 and arterial pH were monitored during a 10 min apnoea test in nine clinically brain dead subjects. The patients were preoxygenated for 15 min with 100% O2. During the apnoea test they were oxygenated by tracheal cannulation with 5 l O2 per min. ⋯ With one exception, all of the patients were sufficient oxygenated during the apnoea test. If patients are ventilated to a PaCO2 greater than or equal to 5.5 kPa then 5 min of apnoea testing will increase PaCO2 above 8 kPa. As a few patients may develop hypoxemia, patients should be monitored with pulseoximetry.