Traffic injury prevention
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2013
Truck drivers' opinion on road safety in Tanzania--a questionnaire study.
Even though the traffic fatality risk (fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants) in Tanzania is quite low, the fatality rate (fatalities per 10,000 vehicles) is one of the highest in the world. With increasing vehicle density this means that the number of people dying in traffic will increase dramatically in the near future. Therefore, it is important to implement measures to increase traffic safety as soon as possible, and in order to be able to do this in an efficient way, it is important to investigate where the main problems lie. ⋯ The results indicate that countermeasures should be implemented in an integrated fashion, taking into account aspects such as driver, vehicle, infrastructure, legislature, and other road users.
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Traffic injury prevention · Jan 2013
Scooter crashes at university: intervention tactics for modified behavior and helmet use.
Mopeds and scooters are defined as 2-wheeled vehicles with engine displacement ranging from 49 to 250 cm(3). These vehicles have experienced a resurgence in modern culture and are especially popular on large university campuses. Increased operation of mopeds and scooters has been a contributor to increased accidents and in some cases fatalities. Available statistics indicate that a majority of individuals involved in scooter crashes were not wearing helmets. The objective of this study was to explore perceptions of helmets and the significance of behavioral intention related to attitude toward helmet use among operators of these potentially dangerous motor vehicles. ⋯ University students who operated scooters were principally untrained in safe operation measures and in many cases ignored traffic laws. Though perceptions of helmets as a safety device were significant, they were viewed as uncomfortable, most often among female operators. Key psychological indicators of attitudes toward helmet use were perceived norms and control in making choices. The best course of action is messages that (1) introduces modern features that make helmets more user adaptable to comfort; (2) promote a positive outcome through users' motivation to comply to norms (i.e., parental influence); and (3) encourage the perceived empowerment that emanates from control in decision making.
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Traffic injury prevention · Sep 2012
Investigating cervical muscle response and head kinematics during right, left, frontal and rear-seated perturbations.
Whiplash research has largely focused on rear collisions because they account for the majority of whiplash injuries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of 4 perturbation directions (anterior, posterior, right, and left) on muscle activity and head kinematics to provide insight into the whiplash mechanism of injury. ⋯ Compared to frontal, left, and right directions, rear perturbations showed smaller SCM onset latencies, greater SCM amplitudes, and larger head accelerations, relating to a greater potential for injury. We suggest that the greater contact area and stiffness of the seatback, in the posterior direction, compared to restrictions in other directions, led to increased peak head accelerations and shorter SCM onset latencies.
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Traffic injury prevention · Sep 2012
Randomized Controlled TrialBoth texting and eating are associated with impaired simulated driving performance.
Distracted driving is a known contributor to traffic accidents, and many states have banned texting while driving. However, little is known about the potential accident risk of other common activities while driving, such as eating. The objective of the current study was to examine the adverse impact of eating/drinking behavior relative to texting and nondistracted behaviors on a simulated driving task. ⋯ These findings suggest that both texting and eating are associated with poorer simulated driving performance. Future work is needed to determine whether these findings generalize to real-world driving and the development of strategies to reduce distracted driving.
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Traffic injury prevention · Sep 2012
Comparative StudyFactors affecting accident severity inside and outside urban areas in Greece.
This research aims to identify and analyze the factors affecting accident severity through a macroscopic analysis, with a focus on the comparison between inside and outside urban areas. Disaggregate road accident data for Greece for the year 2008 were used. ⋯ Factors affecting road accident severity only inside urban areas include young driver age, bicycles, intersections, and collision with fixed objects, whereas factors affecting severity only outside urban areas are weather conditions and head-on and side collisions, demonstrating the particular road users and traffic situations that should be focused on for road safety interventions for the 2 different types of networks (inside and outside urban areas). The methodology and the results of this research may provide a promising tool to prioritize programs and measures to improve road safety in Greece and worldwide.