African health sciences
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African health sciences · Sep 2020
Effective school-based preventive interventions for alcohol use in Africa: a systematic review.
Despite recognition of the risks of alcohol use and importance of prevention from an early age, the effectiveness of school-based interventions in Africa has not been clarified. ⋯ interventions had positive effects on students that were non-drinkers at baseline, especially girls. Although we could not find robust evidence that school-based interventions changed attitudes, frequency/quantity of drinking, and intentions to use alcohol, one intervention showed an increase in students' alcohol refusal self-efficacy.
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African health sciences · Sep 2020
Co-existence of Herpes simplex virus type 2 and two other oncoviruses is associated with cervical lesions in women living with HIV in South-Western Nigeria.
The prevalence of Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) in cervical lesions is under-reported, especially in Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infected persons. ⋯ This study suggests that the high prevalence of SIL in HIV+ women could be associated with viral co-infections.
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Best practices comprise recent, relevant, and helpful nursing practices, methods, interventions, procedures or techniques based on high-quality evidence. Best practices should be implemented to improve individual patients' health outcomes the overall quality of health care, and to strengthen the health system at large. Four facilitators (benefit levers) to effectively roll-out best practices in healthcare organizations were identified: alignment, permeation plans, leadership for change, as well as supporting and reinforcing structures. ⋯ The guide should be tested in different healthcare organizations and adapted accordingly to have an impact on improved patient and health outcomes. The guide can be used by managers wishing to roll-out best practices in their healthcare organizations to achieve improved health outcomes for individual patients.
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African health sciences · Sep 2020
Association of Rs61764370 polymorphism within let-7 microRNA-binding site with lung cancer in Iranian population.
Polymorphisms within miRNAs binding sites are associated with miRNAs function. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between rs61764370 polymorphism within let-7 miRNA binding site in KRAS gene and the risk of lung cancer in Iranian population. ⋯ According to our findings, there is a significant relationship between the KRAS rs61764370 polymorphism and lung cancer risk in Iranian population and this polymorphism may be used as a marker in detection of lung cancer in the future.
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African health sciences · Sep 2020
From genes polymorphisms to mucosal expression of cytokines: evaluating IL-23/IL-17 axis in adult patients with gastritis.
Chronic inflammation is the typical sign of gastritis that may shift into gastric cancer. IL-17A and IL-17F as a novel inflammatory cytokines subset of CD4+Th play the main role in inflammation. A key cytokine receptor in the inflammatory IL-17/IL-23 axis, the interleukin 23 receptor (IL23R), may be related to gastritis. We evaluated the correspondence between IL-17A G197A, IL-17F A7488G and IL23R+2199 A/C polymorphisms with TGF-β1, IL-6, IL-17, IL-21 and IL-23 mucosal mRNAs expression in uninfected H. Pylori (HP) chronic gastritis patients. ⋯ These findings propose that IL23R +2199A/C polymorphism may change the mucosal expression of IL-23 pattern in patients with gastritis disease in the absence of HP, but to support the conclusion, more research may be required.