African health sciences
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African health sciences · Jun 2020
Frequency and severity of ketoacidosis at diagnosis among childhood type 1 diabetes in Khartoum state, Sudan.
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life threatening acute complication of Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of pediatric DKA at diagnosis of new-onset T1DM in Khartoum during 2000-2017 period. ⋯ The DKA frequency at diagnosis of childhood T1DM in Khartoum was lower than previous reports. In addition, the severity of DKA was high among pre-school age children with a relatively high mortality rate when compared to the global rate.
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African health sciences · Jun 2020
A systematic review of epidemiological patterns and proposed interventions to address pediatric burns in Nigeria.
Unintentional injuries from burns comprise a significant proportion of public health morbidity in Nigeria. In order to understand the type and impact of burns on youth in Low-and-Middle-Income countries, the epidemiology of burns must be adequately assessed. ⋯ Interventions such as improved supervision of children, improved emergency infrastructure and culturally sensitive first aid education and treatment can help ensure a reduction in morbidity and mortality resulting from burns. Epidemiological studies can provide an accurate depiction of the burden of burn injuries in different regions of Nigeria.
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African health sciences · Jun 2020
Subcutaneous ketamine prolongs the analgesic effect of local infiltration of plain Bupivacaine in children undergoing inguinal herniotomy.
Inguinal herniotomy is one of the commonest paediatric surgical procedures at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital. Incisional infiltration with plain bupivacaine has been used to provide postoperative analgesia for this procedure but with a short duration of action, 4-6 hours. ⋯ The study showed that subcutaneous ketamine prolonged the analgesic effect of plain bupivacaine surgical wound site infiltration in children undergoing unilateral inguinal herniotomy.
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African health sciences · Jun 2020
Improving blood transfusion safety in resource-poor countries: a case study of using leucocyte reduced blood in Uganda.
The majority of blood transfusion safety strategies recommended by the WHO for resource-poor countries focus mainly on reducing the risk of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Other technologies such as leucocyte reduction may represent complementary strategies for improving transfusion safety. ⋯ Leucocyte reduction of blood in a resource-poor country is doable although relatively costly. As such, its value in resource-poor countries should be weighed against other transfusion safety propositions.
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African health sciences · Jun 2020
Observational StudyEffects of spectacles and telescopes on visual function in students with oculocutaneous albinism.
To investigate the effects of spectacle and telescope corrections on visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS) and reading rates (RR) in students with oculocutaneous albinism (OCA). ⋯ This article provides valuable information to eye care practitioners on the effects of spectacles and telescopes on visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and reading rate in students with OCA.