Journal of veterinary emergency and critical care
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Nov 2014
ReviewHydroxyethyl starch: a review of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, current products, and potential clinical risks, benefits, and use.
To review and summarize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hydroxyethyl starch (HES), as well as reported risks and benefits of HES infusion, and to provide administration and monitoring recommendations for HES use in dogs and cats. ⋯ The extrapolation of data from human studies directly to small animals should be done with the knowledge that there may be species variations and different pharmacokinetics with different HES solutions. Veterinary reports indicate that bolus and continuous rate infusions of 6% hetastarch solutions at moderate doses are well tolerated in feline and canine subjects. Further research in domesticated species is necessary to better define and expand the knowledge regarding use of HES solutions in small animal medicine.
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Nov 2014
Observational StudyHemostatic analysis of dogs naturally envenomed by the African puffadder (Bitis arietans) and snouted cobra (Naja annulifera).
To investigate hemostatic changes in dogs envenomed by cytotoxic (African puffadder) and neurotoxic snakes (snouted cobra) using thromboelastography (TEG) and plasma-based coagulation assays. ⋯ Prolonged clot initiation was a common feature in puffadder-envenomed dogs at presentation and this was likely venom induced. Snouted cobra-envenomed dogs were normo- to hypercoagulable at presentation. Dogs from both puffadder and cobra groups progressed to a more hypercoagulable by 24 hours post envenomation, most likely due to marked inflammation as indicated by the increased Fib and CRP concentrations. TEG proved a sensitive tool for detecting abnormal hemostasis in snake-envenomed dogs.
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Nov 2014
Organ dysfunction and mortality risk factors in severe canine bite wound trauma.
To identify mortality risk factors, determine mortality rate, and to describe the treatment, incidence, and type of organ dysfunction in dogs with severe bite wounds. ⋯ Patients with extensive bite wounds have a significant risk of developing severe secondary complications such as SIRS, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and MODS. Longer time to anesthesia was associated with a longer recovery and longer anesthetic times were associated with mortality, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, and MODS. Injury to the respiratory system was most commonly encountered and mortality increased with cardiovascular injury, MODS, and SIRS.
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J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) · Nov 2014
Assessment of cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 121 dogs and 30 cats at a university teaching hospital (2009-2012).
To prospectively describe cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and evaluate factors associated with outcome in dogs and cats with cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA). ⋯ Early CPR interventions were associated with a greater likelihood of ROSC, emphasizing the importance of prompt recognition, and initiation of CPR efforts. Although ROSC rates in this study were comparable or higher than previous human and veterinary studies, the rate of "survived events" was lower than that reported in human patients. This may suggest that advances in post CPR care could have benefits to the veterinary CPR patient in the future.