Neurocritical care
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This review explores low-cost neurocritical care interventions for resource-limited settings, including economical devices, innovative care models, and disease-specific strategies. Devices like inexpensive ventilators, wearable technology, smartphone-based ultrasound, brain4care, transcranial Doppler, and smartphone pupillometry offer effective diagnostic and monitoring capabilities. Initiatives such as intermediate care units, minimally equipped stroke units, and tele-neurocritical care have demonstrated benefits by reducing hospital stays, preventing complications, and improving clinical and economic outcomes. The review emphasizes locally applicable tailored approaches for diagnosing and managing conditions such as traumatic brain injury, neuroinfections, status epilepticus, autoimmune neurological disorders, and acute stroke as viable and affordable solutions.
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The treatment of status epilepticus (SE) in children with cardiac disease is challenging given their often-tenuous hemodynamic state. We aim to determine whether ketamine is safe and effective in children with cardiac disease as the first-line continuous infusion for the treatment of refractory SE (RSE) and to compare ketamine to midazolam for the treatment of RSE in this population. ⋯ This retrospective cohort study provides evidence that ketamine may be as effective as midazolam as the first-line continuous infusion for RSE in children with cardiac disease. This study also provides preliminary evidence of safety in this population, at least in comparison to midazolam.
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Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is an extremely serious neurological emergency. Risk factors and mechanisms involved in transition from refractory status epilepticus (RSE) to SRSE are insufficiently studied. ⋯ The rate of patients with RSE admitted to intensive care units developing SRSE was high. Low level of consciousness on admission, higher STESS scores, and patients who did not achieve total control of clinical or EEG seizure in the first 6 h of starting intravenous anesthetic infusion may be early indicators of SRSE.
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Oral nimodipine is the only drug approved in North America for patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). However, bioavailability is variable and frequently poor, leading to fluctuations in peak plasma concentrations that cause dose-limiting hypotension. Furthermore, administration is problematic in patients who cannot swallow. ⋯ Secondary end points include all episodes of hypotension, all adverse events, delayed cerebral ischemia, rescue therapy, and suicidal ideation. Clinical and health economic outcomes include quality of life using the EuroQol 5-dimension/3-level, modified Rankin Scale score at 30 and 90 days after aSAH and hospital resource use. The planned sample size is 100 study participants across 25 sites in the United States and Canada.
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The Uniform Determination of Death Act requires brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) determination to be in accordance with "accepted medical standards." The medical organizations responsible for delineating these guidelines are only specified statutorily in two states. State health organizations (SHOs) are composed of policy experts and medical professionals who are responsible for addressing medical, ethical, and legislative problems related to health. We sought to evaluate information publicly available on SHO websites regarding BD/DNC. ⋯ For most states, the accepted medical standards for BD/DNC determination are not identified on SHO websites or statutorily. This contributes to inconsistencies across hospital BD/DNC determination policies, leading to medical, ethical, and legal challenges. Delineation of the accepted medical standards for BD/DNC determination in each state could help facilitate consistency and accuracy in BD/DNC determination, prevent false positive determinations of death, and promote public trust in BD/DNC determination and the medical system overall.