IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering
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A viable fully on-line adaptive brain computer interface (BCI) is introduced. On-line experiments with nine naive and able-bodied subjects were carried out using a continuously adaptive BCI system. The data were analyzed and the viability of the system was studied. ⋯ The classifier was on-line updated by an adaptive estimation of the information matrix (ADIM). The system was also able to provide continuous feedback to the subject. The success of the feedback was studied analyzing the error rate and mutual information of each session and this analysis showed a clear improvement of the subject's control of the BCI from session to session.
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IEEE Trans Biomed Eng · Jun 2006
Quantitative EEG and effect of hypothermia on brain recovery after cardiac arrest.
In this paper, we provide a quantitative electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis to study the effect of hypothermia on the neurological recovery of brain after cardiac arrest. We hypothesize that the brain injury results in a reduction in information of the brain rhythm. To measure the information content of the EEG a new measure called information quantity (IQ), which is the Shannon entropy of decorrelated EEG signals, is developed. ⋯ In addition, EEG signal recovery under normothermic (37 degrees C) and hypothermic (33 degrees C) resuscitation following 5, 7, and 9 min of cardiac arrest is recorded and analyzed. Experimental results show that the IQ is greater for hypothermic than normothermic rats, with an IQ difference of more than 0.20 (0.20 +/- 0.11 is 95% condidence interval). The results quantitatively support the hypothesis that hypothermia accelerates the electrical recovery from brain injury after cardiac arrest.
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IEEE Trans Biomed Eng · Jun 2006
Comparative Study Controlled Clinical TrialComparison of entropy and complexity measures for the assessment of depth of sedation.
Entropy and complexity of the electroencephalogram (EEG) have recently been proposed as measures of depth of anesthesia and sedation. Using surrogate data of predefined spectrum and probability distribution we show that the various algorithms used for the calculation of entropy and complexity actually measure different properties of the signal. ⋯ ShEn tends to increase while the other tested measures decrease with deepening sedation. ApEn, LZC, and HFD are highly sensitive to the presence of high-frequency components in the EEG signal.
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IEEE Trans Biomed Eng · Jun 2006
An effective and efficient compression algorithm for ECG signals with irregular periods.
This paper presents an effective and efficient preprocessing algorithm for two-dimensional (2-D) electrocardiogram (ECG) compression to better compress irregular ECG signals by exploiting their inter- and intra-beat correlations. To better reveal the correlation structure, we first convert the ECG signal into a proper 2-D representation, or image. This involves a few steps including QRS detection and alignment, period sorting, and length equalization. ⋯ This is a significant improvement over existing 2-D ECG compression methods. Moreover, this algorithm is not tied exclusively to JPEG2000. It can also be combined with other 2-D preprocessing methods or appropriate codecs to enhance the compression performance in irregular ECG cases.
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IEEE Trans Biomed Eng · Jun 2006
On the selection of optimal flip angles for T1 mapping of breast tumors with dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging.
We present a method for selecting optimal flip angles for both precontrast and postcontrast T1 mapping of breast tumors using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging; and with the aim of improving accuracy in the estimation of contrast medium concentration. The proposed method can appropriately account for the different ranges of precontrst and postcontrast T1 values by the use of weighting functions, which also allow the flexibility to enhance the accuracy of certain T1 values, corresponding to the tissues of interest. Results of Monte Carlo simulations show that the proposed method could yield significantly lower errors in the estimation of contrast concentration, as compared with an existing approach.