IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering
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IEEE Trans Biomed Eng · Mar 2012
A monitor-decoupled pharmacodynamic model of propofol in children using state entropy as clinical endpoint.
This paper presents a new monitor-decoupled model of propofol pharmacodynamics (PD) using the state entropy (SE) as the clinical endpoint of interest. In our model, the dynamics of the entropy monitor are separated from the PD response of the patient by explicitly accounting for the model of the entropy monitor in the PD identification process. The monitor model was then excluded from the identified PD model for the patient. ⋯ For the Paedfusor pharmacokinetic (PK) model, population-averaged effect site equilibration rate constant k(e0) was 5.4 and 3.0 for the proposed and traditional PD models ( p < 0.001), respectively. For the Kataria PK model, population-averaged k(e0) was 2.3 and 1.4 (p < 0.01). This significant difference suggests that the effects of the monitor must be considered when searching for the intrinsic PD of a patient that is free from the bias induced by the monitor characteristics.
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IEEE Trans Biomed Eng · Mar 2012
Improving myoelectric pattern recognition robustness to electrode shift by changing interelectrode distance and electrode configuration.
Pattern recognition of myoelectric signals for prosthesis control has been extensively studied in research settings and is close to clinical implementation. These systems are capable of intuitively controlling the next generation of dexterous prosthetic hands. However, pattern recognition systems perform poorly in the presence of electrode shift, defined as movement of surface electrodes with respect to the underlying muscles. ⋯ Additionally, for a constant number of channels, an electrode configuration that included electrodes oriented both longitudinally and perpendicularly with respect to muscle fibers improved robustness in the presence of electrode shift (p < 0.05). We investigated the effect of the number of recording channels with and without electrode shift and found that four to six channels were sufficient for pattern recognition control. Finally, we investigated different feature sets for pattern recognition control using a linear discriminant analysis classifier and found that an autoregressive set significantly (p < 0.01) reduced sensitivity to electrode shift compared to a traditional time-domain feature set.
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IEEE Trans Biomed Eng · Mar 2012
Electrode activation sequencing employing conductivity changes in irreversible electroporation tissue ablation.
Irreversible electroporation (IRE) uses high-voltage pulses applied to tissue, which cause dielectric breakdown of cell membranes resulting in cell death. IRE is a promising technique for ablation of nonresectable tumors because it can be configured to spare critical structures such as blood vessels. ⋯ We propose a novel IRE method introducing electrode switching and pulse sequencing in which tissue conductivity is first increased using preparatory pulses in order to form high-conductivity zones, which then helps provide higher electric field intensity within the targeted tissue as subsequent pulses are applied, and hence, enhances the efficiency and selectivity of the IRE treatment. We demonstrate the potential of this method using computational models on simple geometries.