Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery
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Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg · Dec 2016
Case ReportsHeartWare ventricular assist device as a bridge to heart transplantation in a patient with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries and dextrocardia.
Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA) is a rare condition with prevalence of <0.5%. Dextrocardia is reported among 20% of them. Among patients with ccTGA, heart failure is a common presentation, especially in the fourth or fifth decade of life and survival is dismal without heart transplantation. ⋯ A third-generation ventricular assist device HeartWare ventricular assist device (HVAD, HeartWare, Inc., Framingham, MA, USA) was implanted as a bridge to transplantation with concomitant aortic valve replacement with a bioprosthetic valve. There is no prior publication on HVAD implantation in patient having both ccTGA and dextrocardia. Our case report includes the patient's summary and literature review encompassing limited experience of LVADs in patients with ccTGA and dextrocardia.
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Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg · Nov 2016
ReviewCongestive kidney failure in cardiac surgery: the relationship between central venous pressure and acute kidney injury.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) in cardiac surgery has traditionally been linked to reduced arterial perfusion. There is ongoing evidence that central venous pressure (CVP) has a pivotal role in precipitating acute renal dysfunction in cardiac medical and surgical settings. We can regard this AKI driven by systemic venous hypertension as 'kidney congestive failure'. ⋯ The effect of CVP on renal function was found to be modulated by ventricular function class, aetiology and acuity of venous congestion. Evidence suggests that acute increases of CVP should be actively treated to avoid a deterioration of the renal function, particularly in patients with poor ventricular fraction. Besides, the practice of treating right heart failure with fluid loading should be avoided in favour of other ways to optimize haemodynamics in this setting, because of the detrimental effects on the kidney function.
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Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg · Nov 2016
Review Meta AnalysisIn patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer, is video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy an appropriate alternative to video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy?
A best evidence topic in thoracic surgery was written according to a structured protocol. The question addressed was 'In patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer, is video-assisted thoracoscopic segmentectomy an appropriate alternative to video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy?' Two hundred papers were found using the reported search, of which 8 represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The authors, journal, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes and results of these papers are tabulated. ⋯ However, in the four other observational studies, the tumour size in the VATS lobectomy group was significantly larger. From the limited evidence currently available, VATS segmentectomy appears to be a valid alternative to VATS lobectomy. The included studies were mainly retrospective observational studies, with one meta-analysis; however, there are currently two large randomized trials ongoing with results expected to be reported in 2021.
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Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg · Nov 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialAortic cross-clamping phase of cardiopulmonary bypass is related to decreased microvascular reactivity after short-term ischaemia of the thenar muscle both under intravenous and volatile anaesthesia: a randomized trial.
The purpose of the present study was to assess, by near-infrared spectroscopy with an INVOS oximeter during the vascular occlusion test (VOT), the influence of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on tissue saturation in the thenar muscle. The secondary aim was to compare the effects of propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia on tissue saturation. ⋯ This study demonstrated that the aortic cross-clamping phase of CPB cardiac surgery is associated with lower values of tissue saturation and a decreased rate of saturation recovery under both propofol and sevoflurane anaesthesia. Aortic cross-clamp release is followed by accelerated tissue desaturation during VOT. Propofol anaesthesia for CPB cardiac surgery results in greater reduction of nadir tissue saturation during the ischaemic phase of VOT in comparison to that of sevoflurane.
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Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg · Nov 2016
Randomized Controlled TrialEffectiveness of prophylactic levosimendan in patients with impaired left ventricular function undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting: a randomized pilot study.
Perioperative low cardiac output syndrome occurs in 3-14% of patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), leading to significant increase in major morbidity and mortality. Considering the unique pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of levosimendan, we conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized pilot study to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic levosimendan in patients with impaired left ventricular function undergoing CABG. ⋯ This pilot study shows that prophylactic levosimendan infusion is safe and effective in increasing the LVEF postoperatively in patients with impaired cardiac function undergoing coronary surgery. This finding may be translated to 'optimizing' patients' status before surgery.