Journal of women's health
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Journal of women's health · May 2017
GRACE Score Validation in Predicting Hospital Mortality: Analysis of the Role of Sex.
Background: The GRACE (Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events) risk score is recommended for risk stratification in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). It does not include sex, a variable strongly associated with ACS prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine if sex adds prognostic information to the GRACE score in a contemporary population. Materials and Methods: Analysis of discrimination and calibration of GRACE score in the validation population, derived from the ARIAM-SEMICYUC registry (2012-2015). ⋯ AUC 0.90, 95% CI 0.88-0.92, p = 0.0006). In multivariate analysis, female sex predicted hospital mortality independently of GRACE in STEMI (p = 0.019) but not in NSTEMI (p = 0.356) (interaction p = 0.0308). However, neither the AUC nor the net reclassification index (NRI) improved by including female sex in the STEMI subpopulation (NRI 0.0011, 95% CI -0.023 to 0.025; p = 0.928). Conclusions: Although female sex was an independent predictor of hospital mortality in the STEMI subpopulation, it does not substantially improve the discriminative ability of GRACE score.
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Journal of women's health · May 2017
Are Female Applicants Disadvantaged in National Institutes of Health Peer Review? Combining Algorithmic Text Mining and Qualitative Methods to Detect Evaluative Differences in R01 Reviewers' Critiques.
Women are less successful than men in renewing R01 grants from the National Institutes of Health. Continuing to probe text mining as a tool to identify gender bias in peer review, we used algorithmic text mining and qualitative analysis to examine a sample of critiques from men's and women's R01 renewal applications previously analyzed by counting and comparing word categories. ⋯ Results confirm our previous analyses suggesting that gender stereotypes operate in R01 grant peer review. Reviewers may more easily view male than female investigators as scientific leaders with significant and innovative research, and score their applications more competitively. Such implicit bias may contribute to sex differences in award rates for R01 renewals.
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Journal of women's health · May 2017
Changing the Culture of Academic Medicine: Critical Mass or Critical Actors?
By 2006, women constituted 34% of academic medical faculty, reaching a critical mass. Theoretically, with critical mass, culture and policy supportive of gender equity should be evident. We explore whether having a critical mass of women transforms institutional culture and organizational change. ⋯ The predominant evidence from this research demonstrates that the institutional barriers and sociocultural environment continue to be formidable obstacles confronting women, stalling the transformational effects expected from achieving a critical mass of women faculty. We conclude that the promise of critical mass as a turning point for women should be abandoned in favor of "critical actor" leaders, both women and men, who individually and collectively have the commitment and power to create gender-equitable cultures in AHCs.
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Journal of women's health · May 2017
Write More Articles, Get More Grants: The Impact of Department Climate on Faculty Research Productivity.
Many studies find that female faculty in academic medicine, science, and engineering experience adverse workplace climates. This study longitudinally investigates whether department climate is associated with future research productivity and whether the associations are stronger for female than male faculty. ⋯ In perhaps the first study to assess the longitudinal impact of department climate on faculty research productivity, positive department climate is associated with significantly greater productivity for all faculty-women and men. However, some positive aspects of climate (specifically, work/life balance) may be associated with lower productivity for some female faculty at specific career periods. These findings suggest that departments that wish to increase grants and publications would be wise to foster a positive workplace climate.
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Journal of women's health · May 2017
Lean Mass and Fat Mass as Mediators of the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women.
The relationship between physical activity (PA) and bone health is well known, but the role of lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) in this relationship remains uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the mediating effect of LM and FM on the relationship between PA and bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women. ⋯ LM and FM affected the relationship between PA and BMD as mediator. Postmenopausal women with high LM and FM had more BMD.