Journal of women's health
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Journal of women's health · May 2017
Are Female Applicants Disadvantaged in National Institutes of Health Peer Review? Combining Algorithmic Text Mining and Qualitative Methods to Detect Evaluative Differences in R01 Reviewers' Critiques.
Women are less successful than men in renewing R01 grants from the National Institutes of Health. Continuing to probe text mining as a tool to identify gender bias in peer review, we used algorithmic text mining and qualitative analysis to examine a sample of critiques from men's and women's R01 renewal applications previously analyzed by counting and comparing word categories. ⋯ Results confirm our previous analyses suggesting that gender stereotypes operate in R01 grant peer review. Reviewers may more easily view male than female investigators as scientific leaders with significant and innovative research, and score their applications more competitively. Such implicit bias may contribute to sex differences in award rates for R01 renewals.
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Journal of women's health · May 2017
Changing the Culture of Academic Medicine: Critical Mass or Critical Actors?
By 2006, women constituted 34% of academic medical faculty, reaching a critical mass. Theoretically, with critical mass, culture and policy supportive of gender equity should be evident. We explore whether having a critical mass of women transforms institutional culture and organizational change. ⋯ The predominant evidence from this research demonstrates that the institutional barriers and sociocultural environment continue to be formidable obstacles confronting women, stalling the transformational effects expected from achieving a critical mass of women faculty. We conclude that the promise of critical mass as a turning point for women should be abandoned in favor of "critical actor" leaders, both women and men, who individually and collectively have the commitment and power to create gender-equitable cultures in AHCs.
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Journal of women's health · May 2017
The Relationship Between the Supply of Primary Care Physicians and Measures of Breast Health Service Use.
To investigate whether women are more likely to report receipt of a mammography recommendation from a doctor or mammography use if they reside in primary care service areas (PCSAs) having a greater number of clinically active primary care physicians. ⋯ The results from this nationwide study underscore the importance of using physician density measures estimated from within bounded medical markets, where women reside and actually seek preventive breast health services. Results support the hypothesis that PCSA physician supply is independently associated with both mammography recommendation receipt and mammography utilization.
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Injury death rates are lower for women than for men at all ages, but we have a long way to go in understanding the circumstances of injury fatalities among females. This article presents resources that can be used to examine the most recent data on injury fatalities among females and highlights activities of CDC's Injury Center. The National Center for Injury Prevention and Control's (NCIPC's) Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System, an online surveillance database, can be used to examine injury deaths. ⋯ Five key programs are discussed. Presenting data on injury fatalities is an essential element in identifying meaningful prevention efforts. Further investigation of the causes and impact of female injury fatalities can refine the public health approach to reduce this injury burden.
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Journal of women's health · Mar 2017
Cardiovascular Risk in HIV-Infected and Uninfected Postmenopausal Minority Women: Use of the Framingham Risk Score.
To characterize and compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in HIV-infected and uninfected postmenopausal minority women using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) as an assessment measure. ⋯ In this study, CVD risk as assessed by the FRS was not significantly different by HIV status. Performance of the FRS may be compromised in postmenopausal HIV-infected minority women. HIV-infected and uninfected women may be undertreated with statin therapy. Large longitudinal cohorts and inclusion of subclinical measures of CVD are necessary to better characterize risk.