Medicina clinica
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Drug administration is crucial to achieve effective therapeutic drug outcomes. In medical emergencies, it is particularly convenient to use drugs that could be administered as an alternative to traditional routes (as oral or intravenous routes), that are not always suitable in these situations. ⋯ The evidence obtained has been divided into four common scenarios found in the emergency department and intensive care units: cardiovascular emergencies, acute pain, agitation, and epileptic status. Moreover, the main advantages and disadvantages of sublingual and buccal routes are presented, as the future perspectives in the drug delivery field to overcome the limitations of these routes.
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Multicenter Study
Prediction model of hepatocellular carcinoma development in chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Spanish cohort.
To identify risk factors associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in an unselected cohort of patients with chronic B virus infection (CHB) in Spain. A predictive model was developed to assess the risk of HCC. ⋯ An HCCB score greater than 5.42 points identifies a subgroup of chronic hepatitis B patients at high risk of developing liver cancer, who could benefit from screening measures for the early diagnosis of HCC.
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Liver cirrhosis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Excessive alcohol consumption and metabolic associated steatotic liver disease are the most common etiological factors of cirrhosis in our region. ⋯ However, it is important to eliminate the etiological factor responsible for the disease, as this can lead to the disappearance of complications, a state known as recompensation. This article proposes an updated review of the epidemiology of cirrhosis and its main causes, and offers an overview of the clinical features and treatment of the disease's complications, in addition to outlining future lines of research in this field.
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Observational Study
Vaccine effectiveness in patients admitted for influenza during the 2023-2024 season.
Vaccination against influenza is widespread worldwide, reducing complications associated with infection. However, the impact of vaccination on mortality/ICU admission in hospitalized patients has been little studied. ⋯ Influenza vaccination may reduce the probability of ICU admission or death. This effect is likely due to better control of the immune response. We did not observe any relationship with the risk of presenting bacterial superinfection.
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Observational Study
Hyperparathyroidism in patients with low bone mineral density treated with zoledronic acid or denosumab.
To analyze the prevalence of hyperparathyroidism in patients treated with zoledronic acid (ZA) or denosumab, its relationship with other parameters and how it affects on bone mineral density (BMD) evolution. ⋯ A high incidence of hyperparathyroidism was observed in patients treated with AZ and especially denosumab. Hyperparathyroidism correlated inversely with glomerular filtration rate and albumin-corrected calcium. Elevated PTH does not appear to affect short-term bone mineral density evolution.