Lymphatic research and biology
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Background: The use of bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) for the detection of unilateral upper limb lymphedema is growing. Currently, normatively determined diagnostic thresholds using bioimpedance are available for females only. It is unclear if they are suitable for males at risk of unilateral upper limb lymphedema. ⋯ These differ from what has previously been found for females. Conclusions: This study is the first to establish normatively determined bioimpedance thresholds for male unilateral upper limb lymphedema. These thresholds should now be used to improve early detection of male unilateral upper limb lymphedema.