ESC heart failure
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the haemodynamic correlates of heart sound (HS) parameters such as third HS (S3), first HS (S1), and HS-based systolic time intervals (HSTIs) from an implantable cardiac device. ⋯ The HS parameters such as S1, S3, and HSTIs measured using implantable devices significantly correlated with haemodynamic changes in acute animal models, suggesting potential utility for remote heart failure patient monitoring.