SAGE open medical case reports
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SAGE Open Med Case Rep · Jan 2021
Case ReportsPneumomediastinum in COVID-19: A series of three cases and review of literature.
Coronavirus disease-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus-2 is characterised by wide heterogeneity in clinical presentation. The typical radiographic findings in COVID-19 include bilateral ground-glass opacities and/or consolidations predominantly affecting the lower lobes and posterior segments of lungs. Other rare abnormal radiographic findings include pneumothorax, pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium. ⋯ There are no consensus guidelines in managing COVID-19 patients with pneumomediastinum. Higher mortality rates (70.58%) are reported in intubated COVID-19 patients with pneumomediastinum. The development of pneumomediastinum in COVID-19 should be considered as a poor prognostic factor.
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SAGE Open Med Case Rep · Jan 2021
Case ReportsOphthalmoplegia and cranial nerve deficits in an adolescent with headache.
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is an idiopathic, inflammatory condition involving the cavernous sinus and is characterized by unilateral, painful ophthalmoparesis. The condition often begins with retro-orbital pain followed by select cranial nerve involvement. We report the case of a 17-year-old female whose presentation with progressive left-sided headache and ophthalmoparesis culminated in the diagnosis of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome. While many of her signs and symptoms have been previously reported in the rare pediatric cases of Tolosa-Hunt syndrome described in the literature, this case illustrates a unique presentation involving cranial nerves V and VII in addition to the more commonly reported cranial nerve III, IV, and VI palsies.