Annals of family medicine
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Annals of family medicine · Jan 2023
Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter StudyInhaled Budesonide for COVID-19 in People at Higher Risk of Complications in the Community: The UK National Community Randomi.
Background The effectiveness of repurposed treatments with supportive evidence for higher risk individuals with COVID-19 in the community is unknown. In the UK PRINCIPLE national platform trial we aimed to determine whether 're-purposed medicines' (hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, doxycycline, colchicine, inhaled budesonide, and other interventions) reduced time to recovery and COVID-19 related hospitalisations/deaths among people at higher risk of COVID-19 complications in the community. We mainly report the findings for budesonide arm here. ⋯ An estimated 6·8% COVID-19 related hospitalisations/deaths occurred in the budesonide group versus 8·8% in usual care (estimated absolute difference, 2·0% [95% credible interval -0.2% to 4.5%], probability of superiority 0.963). In the main secondary analysis of admissions using only concurrent controls, admissions occurred in 6.6% (3.8 to 10.1%) in the budesonide group versus 8.8% (95% CI 5.2 to 13.1%), with an absolute difference of 2.2% (0.0 to 4.9%) and a hazard ratio of 0.73 (0.53 to 1.00), meeting the pre-specified superiority probability of 0.975. Three serious adverse events occurred in the budesonide group and three in usual care.
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Annals of family medicine · Jan 2023
ReviewBarriers and Facilitators to the Use of Clinical Decision Support Systems in Primary Care: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.
To identify and quantify the barriers and facilitators to the use of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) by primary care professionals (PCPs). ⋯ Our findings emphasize the need for CDSS developers to better address human and organizational issues, in addition to technological challenges. We inferred core CDSS features covering these 3 factors, expected to improve their usability in primary care.
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Annals of family medicine · Jan 2023
Multicenter StudyAdaptation and External Validation of Pathogenic Urine Culture Prediction in Primary Care Using Machine Learning.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) symptoms are common in primary care, but antibiotics are appropriate only when an infection is present. Urine culture is the reference standard test for infection, but results take >1 day. A machine learning predictor of urine cultures showed high accuracy for an emergency department (ED) population but required urine microscopy features that are not routinely available in primary care (the NeedMicro classifier). ⋯ The NoMicro classifier appears appropriate for PC. Prospective trials to adjudicate the balance of benefits and harms of using the NoMicro classifier are appropriate.
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Annals of family medicine · Jan 2023
Randomized Controlled TrialComparative Effectiveness RCT of Two Weight Loss Strategies in Primary Care Patients: MyPlate.gov vs Calorie Counting.
Context: Since 2011, the U. S. government has supported two approaches to achieve healthier body fat composition: the Diabetes Prevention Program calorie counting (CC) approach, and adherence to federal nutrition guidelines at www.choosemyplate.gov (MyPlate). Objective: Compare the effect of the CC versus MyPlate approach on satiety/satiation and on achieving healthier body fat composition in the primary care setting. ⋯ Conclusions: A MyPlate-based intervention may be a practical alternative to the more traditional CC approach to promoting satiety and facilitating reduction in central adiposity among low-income mostly Latina overweight primary care patients. Our results align with recommendations favoring a diet rich in diverse, fiber-rich foods. More research is warranted to investigate satiety-enhancing approaches to desirable weight control in diverse populations and the use of community health workers as change agents.