Chinese medical journal
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Interleukins (ILs) and associated cytokines serve as the means of communication for immune cells and non-immune cells. The use of ILs in harnessing the immune system to cancer treatment has been a promising approach. ⋯ Here, we describe recently innovative technological approaches that have been developed to improve the pharmacokinetics, safety, and efficacies of IL-2, 15, 10, and 18 in the treatment of melanoma. Furthermore, the combination of ILs and immune checkpoint inhibition may synergize to reshape the tumor environment, thus yielding better clinical benefits in the future.
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Chinese medical journal · Jan 2022
ReviewResuscitation fluids as drugs: targeting the endothelial glycocalyx.
Fluid resuscitation is an essential intervention in critically ill patients, and its ultimate goal is to restore tissue perfusion. Critical illnesses are often accompanied by glycocalyx degradation caused by inflammatory reactions, hypoperfusion, shock, and so forth, leading to disturbed microcirculatory perfusion and organ dysfunction. Therefore, maintaining or even restoring the glycocalyx integrity may be of high priority in the therapeutic strategy. ⋯ Some studies have suggested that albumin may restore the glycocalyx, whereas others have suggested that balanced crystalloids might aggravate glycocalyx degradation. Notably, most studies did not correct the effects of the infusion rate or fluid volume; therefore, the results of using balanced crystalloids remain unclear. Moreover, mainly animal studies have suggested that plasma may protect and restore glycocalyx integrity, and this still requires confirmation by high-quality clinical studies.
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Chinese medical journal · Jan 2022
Chronic hypoperfusion due to intracranial large artery stenosis is not associated with cerebral β-amyloid deposition and brain atrophy.
Insufficient cerebral perfusion is suggested to play a role in the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). However, there is a lack of direct evidence indicating whether hypoperfusion causes or aggravates AD pathology. We investigated the effect of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on AD-related pathology in humans. ⋯ Our findings suggest that chronic hypoperfusion due to large vessel stenosis may not directly induce cerebral β-amyloid deposition and neurodegeneration in humans.
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Chinese medical journal · Jan 2022
Target serum concentration of vancomycin may be reached earlier with a loading dose.
Vancomycin treatment failure against vancomycin-susceptible gram-positive cocci is not rare in the intensive care unit (ICU). One of the reasons for this is the substandard drug trough concentration. We aimed to examine the hypothesis that the target serum concentration could be reached earlier with a loading dose of vancomycin. ⋯ With the loading dose of vancomycin, the target serum concentration of vancomycin may be reached earlier without increasing the risk of acute kidney injury.
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Chinese medical journal · Jan 2022
Update on classification, diagnosis, and management of immunoglobulin G4-related disease.
Immunoglobulin G4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a newly recognized chronic fibro-inflammatory autoimmune disease, and its recognition has been constantly increasing worldwide over the last few years. A correct and timely recognition, as well as appropriate intervention, is crucial for the treatment of IgG4-RD. For certain subtypes of IgG4-RD, organ-specific criteria are formulated to make the diagnosis more accurate. ⋯ The selection strategy of various steroid-sparing agents is still being explored. Besides, when patients have special sites involvement leading to severe clinical conditions, surgical operation or interventional therapy should also be considered. An update on classification, diagnosis, and management of IgG4-RD is provided in the current study to fully elucidate the recommended clinical practice of this mysterious disease.