Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz
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Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz · Aug 2014
Review[Genetics of primary headache syndromes].
Migraine has an important genetic component. The prototypic monogenic form of migraine is hemiplegic migraine, a rare subtype of migraine with aura, for which three causative genes have been identified. Studies of transgenic animal models have substantially improved our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of this monogenic model disease as well as of migraine in general. ⋯ With the identification of the first robust genetic risk variants in large genome-wide association studies, our knowledge in this still dynamically expanding field has substantially increased. This review summarizes the current status of migraine genetics, with a special focus on hemiplegic migraine as well as the most recent findings in complex migraine genetics. In addition, the first preliminary findings on the genetics of other types of primary headache disorders (cluster headache, tension-type headache) are briefly reviewed.
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Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz · Aug 2014
[Headache disorders. Definitions, subtypes, and prevalence rates in Germany].
Headache is a symptom experienced by many individuals throughout life. It is a complex, multidimensional construct that, for the purpose of diagnosis, relies on the subjective symptom descriptions of those affected. The classification of headaches is influenced by the frequency of the respective pain as well as the different pain qualities and their perception. In the classification of headache, a number of different methodological problems arise that influence the estimation of prevalence and incidence rates of single headache types. The aim of this manuscript is (a) to describe and discuss the methodological problems in the assessment and classification of headache in general and single headache disorders in detail and (b) to summarize their frequency in studies of the German adult population. ⋯ Given the high frequency and considerable consequences of headache disorders in Germany, only a few studies report results on the prevalence and/or incidence rates, risk factors, and individual as well as economic consequences of different headache disorders. Methodological problems in the assessment and classification of single headache disorders have contributed to this situation. Further standardization of methods in future studies is necessary.
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Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz · Aug 2014
Practice Guideline[Assessment of environmental contamination of drinking water. Recommendation of the Federal Environment Agency (UBA) after consultation with the Drinking Water Commission of the Federal Ministry of Health (BMG) Federal Environment Agency.bürtiger].