Heliyon
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Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently engenders chronic pain which may be classified as occurring above, at, or below the level of injury. Since patients with SCI may have a complex combination of nociceptive and neuropathic pain, pharmacological interventions often fail. Peripheral subcutaneous field stimulation (PSFS) is a novel neuromodulation surgery for pain in which subcutaneous electrodes designed for spinal cord stimulation are placed subcutaneously in a region of pain. ⋯ Chronic pain is a challenging and expensive sequela to manage in SCI patients and newer therapies are needed. Our case suggests that SCI at-level pain may respond durably to PSFS and provides the longest published follow-up on a case of PSFS. Peripheral subcutaneous field stimulation remains an investigational treatment for chronic pain syndrome and larger, long-term follow up studies are needed for the FDA and payers to approve this modality.
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Female genital mutilation affects the social, psychological, spiritual and physical well-being of women. In Ethiopia, studies regarding the female genital mutilation were conducted in various settings and years. ⋯ The prevalence of Female Genital Mutilation is high. Therefore, interventions that are focused on health education, social support and advocacy are recommended.