Neurobiology of sleep and circadian rhythms
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Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms · Jan 2018
ReviewThe role of sleep duration and sleep disordered breathing in gestational diabetes mellitus.
Many women experience sleep problems during pregnancy. This includes difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep due to physiologic changes that occur as pregnancy progresses, as well as increased symptoms of sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Growing evidence indicates that sleep deficiency alters glucose metabolism and increases risk of diabetes. ⋯ There are multiple mechanisms that may link sleep deprivation and SDB with insulin resistance, including increased levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, sympathetic activity, and cortisol. Despite emerging evidence that sleep deficiency and SDB are associated with increased risk of GDM, it has yet to be demonstrated that improving sleep in pregnant women (e.g., by extending sleep duration or treating SDB) protects against the development of hyperglycemia. If a causal relationship can be established, behavioral therapies for improving sleep can potentially be used to reduce the risk and burden of GDM.
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Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms · Jan 2018
Lower nocturnal urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin is associated with more severe insulin resistance in patients with prediabetes.
Melatonin, a neurohormone secreted by the pineal gland, controls circadian rhythmicity, modulates sleep and plays a role in glucose metabolism. Low secretion of nocturnal urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6S) was associated with incident diabetes. Sleep disturbances have also been shown to be risk factors for diabetes. In this study, we explored the relationship between nocturnal urinary aMT6s and markers of glucose metabolism in prediabetes patients, considering sleep related factors. ⋯ Nocturnal urinary aMT6s inversely correlated with fasting insulin resistance and insulin levels in patients with prediabetes. These results support the role of melatonin in glucose metabolism.