American journal of ophthalmology case reports
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Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep · Sep 2020
Case ReportsAggressive conjunctival Kaposi sarcoma as the initial manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
To report a case of Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with previously undiagnosed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection. ⋯ Ocular involvement of Kaposi sarcoma as the initial manifestation of HIV/AIDS is rare with only a few reported cases. Since the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy, conjunctival or adnexal Kaposi sarcoma is not commonly encountered by healthcare providers. Concern for Kaposi sarcoma of the conjunctiva in this patient led to the evaluation for HIV/AIDS. It is vital for all healthcare providers to have Kaposi sarcoma in the differential diagnosis of a hemorrhagic conjunctival or adnexal mass and be familiar with its association with HIV/AIDS. If suspected, appropriate counseling and testing should be performed.
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Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep · Jun 2020
Case ReportsHorner Syndrome induced by toxoplasmosis infection in a patient with AIDS and disseminated herpes simplex virus.
This case report describes a case of Horner syndrome resulting from central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis in an immunocompromised patient. Horner Syndrome is a neurological condition characterized by unilateral miosis, ptosis with apparent enophthalmos, and anhidrosis due to inhibition of the sympathetic pathway. The ocular sympathetic pathway runs from the posterolateral hypothalamus to the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V1). Central nervous system (CNS) toxoplasmosis infection is typically only seen in immunocompromised patients. To our knowledge, toxoplasmosis has never been reported as a cause of Horner syndrome. ⋯ This is the first reported case of Horner syndrome resulting from CNS toxoplasmosis. This case report and the accompanying questions provide an opportunity to review and explore the neuroanatomy and subtle symptomatic differences between various etiologies of Horner syndrome (primary, secondary, tertiary) in the context of a novel presentation. In conclusion, toxoplasmosis should be considered when investigating Horner syndrome in immunocompromised patients.
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Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep · Mar 2020
Microsurgical observation of the posterior vitreous in patients with vitreous hemorrhage caused by Terson syndrome.
To describe features characteristic of vitreous hemorrhage in patients with Terson syndrome observed through a microsurgical scope. ⋯ Terson syndrome may have no hemorrhage in the PPVP regardless of the presence of severe vitreous hemorrhage. The cases presented in our study may suggest one of the mechanisms of Terson syndrome.
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Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep · Mar 2019
Case ReportsMixed cranial neuropathies due to occult perineural invasion of basal cell carcinoma.
To report a diagnostically challenging case of cranial neuropathy due to perineural invasion by a basal cell carcinoma presenting 7.5 years after treatment of the primary tumor with Mohs micrographic surgery. ⋯ The diagnosis of perineural invasion by BCC can pose several challenges, including subtle to absent imaging findings of clinically involved nerves and a lengthy latent period following primary tumor treatment. This case represents, to our knowledge, the longest reported interval between primary treatment and biopsy-proven recurrence with perineural invasion by BCC.
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Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep · Dec 2018
Case ReportsCase series: Use of stromal lenticule as patch graft.
To introduce cases of the use, as patch grafts, of stromal lenticules obtained by small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) surgery. ⋯ It is suggested that the stromal lenticule, with its biocompatibility, sufficient strength, ease of handling and low cost, is a useful patch graft for various therapeutic purposes in the ophthalmic field.