Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
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Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. · Jun 2016
Multicenter Study Observational StudyCardiovascular Drugs and Metformin Drug Dosage According to Renal Function in Non-Institutionalized Elderly Patients.
Adaptation of drug dosage to kidney function is a common problem in general practice. The aim was to describe adaptation of cardiovascular drugs and metformin according to renal function and its association with mortality with regard to metformin in a cohort of elderly patients. This was an ancillary study to the S. ⋯ During the 3-year follow-up period, 42/588 patients died (none from lactic acidosis). At inclusion, a metformin dosage not adapted for renal function according to ISS was not associated with an increase in all-cause mortality (OR 1.7; 95% CI 0.6-5.0, p = 0.32). In conclusion, approximately one-quarter of elderly patients treated with metformin do not have their dosage adapted for renal function according to ISS although there is no increase in mortality after follow-up for 3 years.
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Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. · Jun 2016
Comparative Study Clinical TrialElderly Patients Require Higher Doses of Sugammadex for Rapid Recovery from Deep Neuromuscular Block.
This study compared the doses of sugammadex needed for rapid recovery from deep neuromuscular blockade (NMB) between young and elderly adults. Twenty-two young (20-40 yrs) and 22 elderly (≥70 yrs) adults were enrolled, and deep NMB of 1-2 post-tetanic counts was maintained with rocuronium intraoperatively. Predetermined doses of sugammadex were given at the end of surgery starting at 4.0 mg/kg for the first patient of each group. ⋯ The ED50 (83% CI) estimated by isotonic regression was 4.5 (4.2-5.0) mg/kg in elderly adults and 3.3 (3.2-3.4) mg/kg in young adults. The ED95 (95% CI) estimated by isotonic regression was 5.4 (4.9-5.5) mg/kg and 4.4 (3.9-4.5) mg/kg in the elderly and young adults, respectively. In conclusion, dose adjustments of sugammadex should be considered when rapid recovery from deep NMB is needed in elderly adults.
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Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. · May 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThe Effect of the Combined Use of Methylergonovine and Oxytocin during Caesarean Section in the Prevention of Postpartum Haemorrhage.
We aimed to show to patients the benefit of post-partum haemorrhage prophylaxis treatment and the effectiveness as a uterotonic agent of the combined use of methylergonovine and oxytocin infusion in the prevention of haemorrhage during and after Caesarean section, by comparison with a control group which received oxytocin infusion only. Two groups of patients undergoing Caesarean section at the same clinic were included in the study. A combination of methylergonovine and oxytocin was administered to the first group during the intra-operative and post-operative periods. ⋯ Results indicated that prophylactic methylergonovine treatment was clearly successful for the patients and no adverse side effects were found. The routine use of methylergonovine and oxytocin infusion in combination during the intra-operative period of Caesarean section reduced the level of post-partum haemorrhage considerably. We believe that this procedure will also reduce the risk of uterine atony, but clearly, prospective studies will be necessary in future to confirm this assumption.
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Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. · Mar 2016
Case ReportsSuccessful Treatment of Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning by Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.
Aluminium phosphide (ALP) is one of the most commonly used pesticides worldwide with high mortality rates. Cellular damage and cardiorespiratory failure are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity after poisoning. It is supposed that giving enough time to the patient to survive, the most critical hours after exposure may help the cardiovascular system to recover itself and save the patient's life. ⋯ On day four, the patient was completely separated from the ECMO machine with acceptable echocardiography and ejection fraction of 40%. One day later, he was extubated, sent to the ward and subsequently discharged in good condition. We suggest this method of treatment for severe ALP poisoning as well as any other poisoning that causes cell toxicity and abrupt cardiovascular or respiratory failure.
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Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. · Mar 2016
ReviewAcetaminophen for Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review on Efficacy.
Acetaminophen (paracetamol) is the most commonly used analgesic worldwide and recommended as first-line treatment in all pain conditions by WHO. We performed a systematic literature review to evaluate the efficacy of acetaminophen when used for chronic pain conditions. Applying three broad search strategies for acetaminophen use in chronic pain in both Embase and PubMed, 1551 hits were obtained. ⋯ All included studies showed no or little efficacy with dubious clinical relevance. In conclusion, there is little evidence to support the efficacy of acetaminophen treatment in patients with chronic pain conditions. Assessment of continuous efficacy in the many patients using acetaminophen worldwide is recommended.