Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
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Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. · Nov 2019
Randomized Controlled TrialED50 of propofol in combination with low-dose sufentanil for intravenous anaesthesia in hysteroscopy.
Sufentanil has favourable pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties as an opioid, and it is usually co-administered with propofol as intravenous anaesthesia for hysteroscopic examination or therapeutic surgery. However, the optimal dosage of propofol when it is co-administered with low-dose sufentanil has not yet been established. This study was designed to find the median effective dose of propofol for intravenous anaesthesia when combined with low-dose sufentanil. ⋯ The ED50 values for propofol when co-administered with low-dose sufentanil for intravenous anaesthesia in hysteroscopy were 1.651 mg/kg (sufentanil 0.2 μg/kg) and 1.991 mg/kg (sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg). (www.chictr.org.cn, registration number: ChiCTR1900021224).
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Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. · Dec 2018
Randomized Controlled TrialOffset Analgesia and The Impact of Treatment with Oxycodone and Venlafaxine: A Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Trial in Healthy Volunteers.
Offset analgesia (OA) is a pain-modulating mechanism described as a disproportionately large decrease in pain intensity evoked by a discrete decrease in stimulus temperature. The role of the opioidergic, serotonergic and noradrenergic systems on OA remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether OA is modulated by an opioid (oxycodone) and a serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (venlafaxine) in terms of psychophysical assessments. ⋯ OA magnitude was unaffected by oxycodone and venlafaxine (p = 0.20 and p = 0.90, respectively). Oxycodone affected the control paradigm where a decreased rating of pain intensity was observed compared to placebo (p = 0.001). OA could not be modulated by oxycodone or venlafaxine and may be a robust phenomenon in healthy volunteers and not suitable for exploring pharmacological mechanisms of analgesia in human beings.
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Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. · Aug 2018
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThe ED95 of Nalbuphine in Outpatient-Induced Abortion Compared to Equivalent Sufentanil.
This prospective study evaluated the 95% effective dose (ED95 ) of nalbuphine in inhibiting body movement during outpatient-induced abortion and its clinical efficacy versus the equivalent of sufentanil. The study was divided into two parts. For the first part, voluntary first-trimester patients who needed induced abortions were recruited to measure the ED95 of nalbuphine in inhibiting body movement during induced abortion using the sequential method (the Dixon up-and-down method). ⋯ Both nalbuphine and the equivalent dose of sufentanil provided a good intraoperative and post-operative analgesic effect in outpatient-induced abortion. However, the post-operative morbidity of dizziness for nalbuphine was less than for sufentanil (p < 0.05), and the awakening time and the time to leave the hospital were significantly shorter than those of sufentanil (p < 0.05). Nalbuphine at 0.128 mg/kg was used in outpatient-induced abortion as an intraoperative and post-operative analgesic and showed a better effect compared with sufentanil.
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Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. · Jul 2017
Randomized Controlled TrialGenetic Influences of OPRM1, OPRD1 and COMT on Morphine Analgesia in a Multi-Modal, Multi-Tissue Human Experimental Pain Model.
Human studies on experimentally induced pain are of value to elucidate the genetic influence on morphine analgesia under controlled conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genetic variants of mu-, kappa- and delta-opioid receptor genes (OPRM1, OPRK1 and OPRD1) and catechol-O-methyltransferase gene (COMT) are associated with the morphine analgesia. The study was a randomized, double-blind, two-way, crossover, single-dose study conducted in 40 healthy participants, where morphine was compared with placebo. ⋯ Moreover, in males, variability in morphine analgesia to rectal thermal stimulation was associated with OPRD1 polymorphisms: rs2234918 (p = 0.01) and rs533123 (p = 0.046). The study was explorative and hypothesis-generating due to the relatively small study size. However, results suggest that genetic variants in the COMT and OPRM1 irrespective of gender, and OPRD1 in males may contribute to the variability in morphine analgesia in experimental pain models.
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Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. · May 2016
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative StudyThe Effect of the Combined Use of Methylergonovine and Oxytocin during Caesarean Section in the Prevention of Postpartum Haemorrhage.
We aimed to show to patients the benefit of post-partum haemorrhage prophylaxis treatment and the effectiveness as a uterotonic agent of the combined use of methylergonovine and oxytocin infusion in the prevention of haemorrhage during and after Caesarean section, by comparison with a control group which received oxytocin infusion only. Two groups of patients undergoing Caesarean section at the same clinic were included in the study. A combination of methylergonovine and oxytocin was administered to the first group during the intra-operative and post-operative periods. ⋯ Results indicated that prophylactic methylergonovine treatment was clearly successful for the patients and no adverse side effects were found. The routine use of methylergonovine and oxytocin infusion in combination during the intra-operative period of Caesarean section reduced the level of post-partum haemorrhage considerably. We believe that this procedure will also reduce the risk of uterine atony, but clearly, prospective studies will be necessary in future to confirm this assumption.