Advances in chronic kidney disease
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Adv Chronic Kidney Dis · May 2017
ReviewFunctional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Kidneys-With and Without Gadolinium-Based Contrast.
Assessment of renal function with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been actively explored in the past decade. In this review, we introduce the principle of MRI and review recent progress of MRI methods (contrast enhanced and noncontrast) in assessing renal function. Contrast-enhanced MRI using ultra-low dose of gadolinium-based agent has been validated for measuring single-kidney glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow accurately. ⋯ What makes MRI unique is the promise of its noncontrast methods. These methods include arterial spin labeling for tissue perfusion, blood oxygen-level dependent for blood and tissue oxygenation, and diffusion-weighted imaging for water diffusion. For each method, we reviewed recent findings and summarized challenges.
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Adv Chronic Kidney Dis · May 2017
ReviewRecent Advances in Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Renal Fibrosis.
CKD is a global public health problem. Renal fibrosis is a final common pathway leading to progressive loss of function in CKD. ⋯ Therefore, it is imperative to accurately assess the degree of renal fibrosis noninvasively to identify those patients who can benefit from antifibrotic therapy. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the assessment of renal fibrosis by magnetic resonance imaging.