Pharmacology
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Haloperidol versus haloperidol plus ondansetron for the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting after ophthalmologic surgery.
In this prospective, randomized, and double-blinded study we investigated the efficacy of haloperidol (10 microg/kg) and the combination of haloperidol (10 microg/kg) with ondansetron (0.1 mg/kg) for the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after ophthalmologic surgery. ⋯ The single use of haloperidol for the prophylaxis of PONV is doubtful. Better results were obtained with the combination therapy of haloperidol with ondansetron, especially for vomiting.
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Multicenter Study
Gender-based differences in drug prescription: relation to adverse drug reactions.
The female gender appears to suffer from more adverse drug reactions (ADRs) than the male gender. So far, there has been no epidemiologic study analyzing gender-based differences in drug prescribing and its ADR risks. The aim of the present study was to establish a drug risk stratification adjusted to age, number of prescriptions and drug classes with respect to gender differences based on intensive data acquisition methods. ⋯ Antibacterials and anti-inflammatory agents cause more ADRs in females as compared to males.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of changes in alveolar ventilation on isoflurane arterial blood concentration and its uptake into the human body.
We investigated whether minute alveolar ventilation affects isoflurane concentration in arterial blood and uptake of isoflurane into the body. Thirty female patients scheduled to undergo elective gynecological surgery were randomly assigned to one of three groups: i.e. hyperventilation, normal ventilation and hypoventilation. Inspiratory (CIiso) and end-tidal (CEiso) concentrations of isoflurane were measured by infrared analysis, and arterial blood isoflurane concentration (Aiso) was analyzed by gas chromatography. ⋯ During the second half of the study (20-40 min), the slope Aiso-over-time curve did not differ among the three groups. Changes in ventilation affected the concentration of isoflurane in arterial blood but did not significantly alter the uptake of it during the last 20 min of the study. The change of alveolar ventilation altered the speed of functional residual capacity wash-in by isoflurane, which was the integral factor influencing Aiso and body uptake of isoflurane.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of the potency of lidocaine and chloroprocaine in sciatic nerve block in Sprague-Dawley rats.
This study investigates the relative potencies and ED(50) of the local anesthetics lidocaine and chloroprocaine in a sciatic block in Sprague-Dawley rats. ⋯ Using the results of this study, the effects of the two drugs can be compared using the commercially available concentrations of chloroprocaine and lidocaine in a peripheral nerve block.
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Post-operative nausea and vomiting are common adverse events that require administration of anti-emetic compounds, such as the serotonin 5-HT(3) receptor antagonists, but these drugs can also reduce the analgesic efficacy of some analgesics (paracetamol, tramadol). ⋯ These results provide a rationale for the clinical use of nefopam with anti-emetics during surgery.