Molecular nutrition & food research
-
The stimulation of the free fatty acid receptor G-protein coupled receptor (GPR) 40 by GW9508 prevents bone loss by inhibiting osteoclast activity, both in vitro and in vivo. Here, we questioned whether the stimulation of the GPR40 receptor by dietary fatty acids may lead to the same beneficial effect on bone. ⋯ GPR40 contributes to counter ovariectomy-induced bone loss in a context of saturated fatty acid enrichment.
-
Soluble dietary fibres have shown to have lipid reducing properties. However, their mechanisms of action are still unclear. The present study investigated how a soluble wheat arabinoxylan-rich fraction (AXRF) fed to pigs used as a human model reduced blood triglycerides. ⋯ The results suggest that AXRF reduced the levels of circulating BAs which slowed down the digestion of TAG and absorption of free fatty acids, with consequent reduction in blood TAG. Reduction in circulating bile acids by arabinoxylan causes reduction in lipids digestion and absorption.
-
Review Meta Analysis
Coffee, tea, caffeine and risk of depression: A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies.
The aim of the study was to systematically review and analyze results from observational studies on coffee, caffeine, and tea consumption and association or risk of depression. ⋯ This study suggests a protective effect of coffee and, partially, of tea and caffeine on risk of depression.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of plant sterols and different low doses of omega-3 fatty acids from fish oil on lipoprotein subclasses.
Consumption of a low-fat spread enriched with plant sterols (PS) and different low doses (<2 g/day) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil reduces serum triglycerides (TGs) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-Chol) and thus beneficially affects two blood lipid risk factors. Yet, their combined effects on TG and Chol in various lipoprotein subclasses have been investigated to a limited extent. ⋯ The consumption of a low-fat spread enriched with both PS and EPA+DHA induced shifts in the lipoprotein distribution that may provide additional cardiovascular benefits over PS consumption alone.
-
Comparative Study
Amyloid-beta (Aβ₁₋₄₂)-induced paralysis in Caenorhabditis elegans is inhibited by the polyphenol quercetin through activation of protein degradation pathways.
Dietary polyphenols are suggested to play a role in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease, of which accumulation of aggregated beta amyloid (Aβ) is a key histopathological hallmark. We used the transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain CL2006, which expresses human Aβ₁₋₄₂ under control of a muscle-specific promoter and responds to Aβ₁₋₄₂ aggregation with paralysis, to test effects of the polyphenol quercetin on the phenotype. ⋯ The proteostasis network, including unfolded protein response, defines the aggregation of Aβ₁₋₄₂ and the associated paralysis phenotype in a nematode model for Alzheimer's disease. The polyphenol quercetin, by specifically activating macroautophagy and proteasomal degradation pathways, proved able to prevent Aβ₁₋₄₂ agregation and paralysis.