Diabetes & vascular disease research : official journal of the International Society of Diabetes and Vascular Disease
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Review
Review article: Diabetes mellitus and heart failure--an overview of epidemiology and management.
Heart failure and diabetes mellitus are chronic complex medical conditions that are closely related and commonly coexist. Treatment options have varied over the years, but newer treatment modalities have developed which have improved prognosis and longevity of patients with these conditions. Unfortunately, despite these advances, the evidence base remains insufficient, and larger randomised control trials need to be conducted. Here we discuss the available evidence and treatment and management of these inter-related conditions.
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Peripheral neuropathy affects about 30% of people with diabetes mellitus. Between 16% and 26% of diabetes patients experience chronic pain. This may be referred to as diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP) or diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP). ⋯ Addition of an opioid agonist may be required in the event of inadequate pain control. Irrespective of which treatment is offered, only about one third of patients are likely to achieve more than 50% pain relief. Further research to improve the diagnosis and management of DPNP is needed.